NUTS-3 LU000 · Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Opportunity75Momentum67Resilience69Quality of life60vs nearest peer: Frankfurt am Main, Kreisfreie Stadt →
Luxembourg generates €86bn of GDP across 682k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 75.4/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by economic scale and market access. Its economy has grown +6.7%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 1.8pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for economy (99.5th EU percentile) and weakest for jobs (24.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Enduring leader99 → 99 EU percentile since 1995 (0 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Economic base99
Governance96
Demographic outlook93
Digital readiness93
Talent & skills93
Resilience69
Growth momentum67
Connectivity61
Quality of life60
Air quality54
Energy cost54
Freight intensity34
Labour market21
Industrial base5
Cost advantage0
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
75.4
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth66.8
Livability59.6
Market access77
Economic scale98
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
69.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability87
Labour stability89
Diversification2
Demographic stability99
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
61.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density24
Airport access83
Market access77
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
92.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary98
Lifelong learning81
Knowledge workers100
Scientists & engineers91
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
54.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.57.6 µg/m³
PM1014.5 µg/m³
NO213.6 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
59.6
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy99.5
Jobs24.5
Education61.5
Health80.5
Safety37.3
Connectivity58.5
Environment55.3
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
66.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+6.7%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+5.2%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.4 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
0.0 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+1.7%
CAGR
Employment rate
+1.8 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-0.3 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 49%Moderately concentrated · HHI 3267
Agriculture 0.2%Industry 5.7%Construction 4.9%Trade · transport · ICT 19.5%Finance · real estate · prof. 49%Public · health · education 20.6%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€86,180M2024
5.0% 1y 6.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 98
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€68,962M2025
0.6% 1y 1.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 97
Population
681,9732025
1.5% 1y 1.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 88
Unemployment rate
6.5%2025
1.6% 1y 0.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 72
Employment
516,0302024
1.0% 1y 2.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 94
Productivity / employee
€171,4412025
2.7% 1y 4.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
Gross value added
€78,467M2024
4.7% 1y 6.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 98
All indicators · 88 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€78,467M
2024 · EU pctl 98
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€181M
2024 · EU pctl 56
GVA — industry (B–E)
€4,476M
2024 · EU pctl 85
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,415M
2024 · EU pctl 84
GVA — construction (F)
€3,849M
2024 · EU pctl 98
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€15,282M
2024 · EU pctl 97
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€41,200
2024 · EU pctl 100 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
97,700 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 99
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€127,000
2024 · EU pctl 99
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€13,250M
2024 · EU pctl 45 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€532M
2024 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€43,153M
2024 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€5,996M
2024 · EU pctl 94
GVA — information & communication (J)
€4,035M
2024 · EU pctl 94
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€38,484M
2024 · EU pctl 99
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€16,197M
2024 · EU pctl 98
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€68,962M
2025 · EU pctl 97
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€171,441
2025 · EU pctl 99
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€13,406M
2025 · EU pctl 96
Labour market
Employment, total persons
516,030
2024 · EU pctl 94
Self-employed persons
30,480
2024 · EU pctl 71
Employment in manufacturing (C)
32,570
2024 · EU pctl 74
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
74.3%
2025 · EU pctl 29 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
21.6%
2024 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
6.5%
2025 · EU pctl 72
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
351,100
2025 · EU pctl 88
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
48,813
2023 · EU pctl 85
Enterprise births
4,370
2023 · EU pctl 82
Enterprise deaths
3,805
2023 · EU pctl 82
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.5%
2023 · EU pctl 55
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.0%
2024 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
5.2%
2025 · EU pctl 69 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.7%
2024 · EU pctl 77 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
55.5%
2025 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
65.0%
2025 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
17.4%
2025 · EU pctl 81 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
45.0%
2025 · EU pctl 100 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
13.0%
2025 · EU pctl 91 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
99.1%
2025 · EU pctl 93 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
3,684,469
2024 · EU pctl 82
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
670 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
199
CURRENT · EU pctl 26
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
14,914 kt
2025 · EU pctl 77
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
65 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 90 · NUTS-2 src
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
29
CURRENT · EU pctl 24
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
23
CURRENT · EU pctl 17
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
471,208
2025 · EU pctl 89
Population aged 65+
103,889
2025 · EU pctl 76
Population aged under 15
106,876
2025 · EU pctl 89
Median age of population
39.8 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 4
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
22.0%
2025 · EU pctl 1
Crude rate of total population change
14.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 96
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
11.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 89
Crude birth rate
9.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 91
Crude death rate
6.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 1
Live births
6,459
2024 · EU pctl 91
Deaths
4,471
2024 · EU pctl 70
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
44.7%
2025 · EU pctl 2
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.26
2024 · EU pctl 28
Population density (persons per km²)
262 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 71
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
781,193
2100 · EU pctl 91
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
860 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 18 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
192 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.4 /100k
2022 · EU pctl 81
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
101 /100k
2022 · EU pctl 94
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
634 /100k
2022 · EU pctl 95
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,520 /100k
2022 · EU pctl 97
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
26 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 10 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.97
2022 · EU pctl 97
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.87
2022 · EU pctl 98
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.75
2022 · EU pctl 95
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.97
2022 · EU pctl 93
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
1.02
2022 · EU pctl 97
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.143/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 46
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.058/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 90
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
285 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 59
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 40
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
62 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 55
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 49
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 47
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
14
2024 · EU pctl 57
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
51
2024 · EU pctl 36
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
49.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 70
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
4.1%
2021 · EU pctl 62
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators