NUTS-3 ITI19 · Italy
Population
259,4602025
GDP
€9,721M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
4.3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
76%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
3,824.6 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ITI19 · ITF51
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Siena (Opportunity 48). Runner-up: Potenza (43). Contrarian pick: Potenza — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 70).
#1Siena
Strengths
Demographic outlook (78) · Digital readiness (72)
Red flags
Long-run slide: down 18 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute)
#2Potenza
Strengths
Cost advantage (70) · Energy cost (46)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Siena
Long-run slide: down 18 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute). Its weakest dimension is Freight intensity (EU pctl 17) — Potenza may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Siena leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
48.3
43.4
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
47.5
34.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
53.6
41.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
57.3
19.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
23.3
18.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
37.6
40.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.3% 5y
3.1% 5y
Population
0.4% 5y
1.0% 5y
Unemployment rate
9.5% 5y
9.4% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€37,467
€29,818
Population density
68 /km²
52 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€8,733M
€9,132M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€369M
€392M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,736M
€2,622M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,547M
€1,371M
GVA — construction (F)
€497M
€725M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,697M
€1,572M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€23,000
€17,300
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
38,800 PPS
30,600 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€37,300
€29,500
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€29,682M
€4,517M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€5,009M
€601M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€51,756M
€5,333M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,121M
€736M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€131M
€131M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,689M
€1,765M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,742M
€2,054M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€8,879M
€8,871M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€76,060
€77,164
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,100M
€3,143M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
129,900
133,500
Self-employed persons
30,400
35,600
Employment in manufacturing (C)
17,700
19,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
73.7%
60.7%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
15.1%
20.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.2%
5.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
122,400
135,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
22,079
24,172
Enterprise births
1,448
1,753
Enterprise deaths
1,171
1,354
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.3%
4.0%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
0.6%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.7%
2.4%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.5%
0.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
23.8%
20.4%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
30.8%
31.0%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.7%
9.6%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
17.4%
17.7%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
4.9%
4.1%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.6%
90.3%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
6,373,801
744,095
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
744 /1k
738 /1k
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
4,015
25
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
3,796 kt
4,928 kt
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1,547
7
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
23 km/1000km²
7 km/1000km²
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
74
105
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
159,800
215,122
Population aged 65+
70,552
89,739
Population aged under 15
29,108
36,048
Median age of population
50.5 yrs
50.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
44.2%
41.7%
Crude rate of total population change
-2.0 /1k
-6.8 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.6 /1k
-0.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.0 /1k
5.6 /1k
Crude death rate
12.6 /1k
12.1 /1k
Live births
1,548
1,912
Deaths
3,267
4,152
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
62.4%
58.5%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.19
1.07
Population density (persons per km²)
68 /km²
52 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
242,637
205,359
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
18.1%
25.1%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.2 yrs
83.5 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
12.8%
21.9%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
285 /100k
315 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
848 /100k
906 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
209 /100k
197 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
0.6 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
18.8 /100k
6.7 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
686 /100k
318 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
51 /M
60 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
148 m
1,148 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
64 days/yr
9 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
20 days/yr
54 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
7 days/yr
6 days/yr