NUTS-3 ES425 · Spain
Population
755,0812025
GDP
€17,074M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
12.8%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
70.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
15,377.6 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ES425 · SK021
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Toledo (Opportunity 61). Runner-up: Trnavský kraj (56). Contrarian pick: Trnavský kraj — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 85).
#1Toledo
Strengths
Energy cost (95) · Freight intensity (93)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Cost advantage (85) · Growth momentum (72)
Red flags
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Flood: 21% of population in the 100-year floodplain
Why you might not pick Toledo
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Demographic outlook (EU pctl 9) — Trnavský kraj may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Toledo leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
- Flood defences, return-period design and insurance for flagged regions
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
61.2
56.2
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
56.5
32.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
42.9
31.1
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
43.0
28.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
27.7
47.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
45.3
26.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
79.8
71.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.9% 5y
2.0% 5y
Population
1.4% 5y
0.0% 5y
Unemployment rate
7.7% 5y
8.0% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€22,612
€26,501
Population density
49 /km²
136 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€15,518M
€13,570M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€793M
€213M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,686M
€4,781M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,798M
€2,845M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,172M
€746M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,102M
€2,797M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€15,800
€11,900
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
26,000 PPS
32,900 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€23,200
€26,300
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€9,963M
€8,200M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,892M
€3,104M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€23,774M
€15,474M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€1,755M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€826M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,956M
€2,497M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€3,809M
€2,536M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€15,208M
€11,800M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€70,998
€63,943
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€3,672M
€3,201M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
259,700
246,660
Self-employed persons
47,600
35,090
Employment in manufacturing (C)
40,300
56,750
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
74.4%
76.7%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
27.6%
13.0%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
12.8%
3.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
378,900
290,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
47,358
66,705
Enterprise births
4,081
8,126
Enterprise deaths
3,754
8,971
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.0%
6.0%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.6%
0.9%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.7%
3.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.4%
0.6%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
33.3%
25.0%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
47.4%
35.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
14.0%
10.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
18.8%
16.8%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
5.6%
5.7%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.3%
91.1%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,970,951
1,336,477
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
599 /1k
528 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
42,853 kt
17,143 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
121
204
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
23 km/1000km²
18 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
16
36
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
90
36
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
501,777
373,130
Population aged 65+
141,782
109,482
Population aged under 15
111,522
83,288
Median age of population
44.3 yrs
44.3 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
28.3%
29.3%
Crude rate of total population change
15.9 /1k
-0.4 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
17.1 /1k
2.7 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.0 /1k
7.3 /1k
Crude death rate
8.2 /1k
10.4 /1k
Live births
5,256
4,154
Deaths
6,134
5,901
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
50.5%
51.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.23
1.26
Population density (persons per km²)
49 /km²
139 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
487,265
431,358
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
34.0%
14.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
83.9 yrs
78.4 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
25.9%
9.0%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
236 /100k
468 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
837 /100k
1,707 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
206 /100k
271 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.4 /100k
1.4 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
51.8 /100k
5.5 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
453 /100k
51.9 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
247 /100k
130 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
50 /M
66 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
0.80
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.73
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.59
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.38
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.53
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.160/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.063/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
639 m
132 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
76 days/yr
24 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
16 days/yr
73 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
4 days/yr