NUTS-3 EL421 · Greece
Κάλυμνος, Κάρπαθος – Ηρωική Νήσος Κάσος, Κως, Ρόδος
Kalymnos, Karpathos, Kasos, Kos, Rodos
Κάλυμνος, Κάρπαθος – Ηρωική Νήσος Κάσος, Κως, Ρόδος generates €4.1bn of GDP across 211.1k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 27.7/100 sits in the lower tier of EU regions, led by economic growth and livability. Its economy has grown +3.6%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 10.7pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (62th EU percentile) and weakest for digital connectivity (2th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Persistent laggard29 → 20 EU percentile since 1995 (-9 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Demographic outlook98
Cost advantage73
Energy cost58
Growth momentum58
Freight intensity30
Quality of life28
Connectivity26
Resilience19
Economic base15
Labour market12
Governance8
Talent & skills3
Industrial base2
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
27.7
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth57.8
Livability27.9
Market access1
Economic scale24
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
19.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability6
Labour stability9
Diversification2
Demographic stability60
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
25.7
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density2
Airport access74
Market access1
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
3.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary7
Lifelong learning1
Knowledge workers1
Scientists & engineers4
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
27.9
/ 100 · EU-relative · 6/7 pillars
Economy21
Jobs17
Education5.5
Health62
Safety60
Connectivity2
Environment—
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
57.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.6%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+2.0%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.6 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.5 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.3%
CAGR
Employment rate
+10.7 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-9.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Trade · transport · ICT · 50.5%Moderately concentrated · HHI 3372
Agriculture 1.8%Industry 6.9%Construction 1.7%Trade · transport · ICT 50.5%Finance · real estate · prof. 20.2%Public · health · education 18.8%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€4,061M2023
11.0% 1y 3.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 24
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€3,636M2025
2.0% 1y 5.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 26
Population
211,0872025
1.0% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 43
Unemployment rate
7.3%2025
25.5% 1y 15.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 78
Employment
119,3502023
3.4% 1y 1.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 51
Productivity / employee
€37,1432025
4.1% 1y 6.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 7
Gross value added
€3,543M2023
9.8% 1y 3.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 23
All indicators · 84 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€3,543M
2023 · EU pctl 23
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€65M
2023 · EU pctl 26
GVA — industry (B–E)
€243M
2023 · EU pctl 6
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€95M
2023 · EU pctl 3
GVA — construction (F)
€61M
2023 · EU pctl 5
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,791M
2023 · EU pctl 59
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€16,100
2023 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
22,900 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 15
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€18,600
2023 · EU pctl 17
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€1,625M
2023 · EU pctl 3 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€39M
2023 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€2,789M
2023 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€387M
2023 · EU pctl 25
GVA — information & communication (J)
€34M
2023 · EU pctl 22
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€716M
2023 · EU pctl 24
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€667M
2023 · EU pctl 17
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€3,636M
2025 · EU pctl 26
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€37,143
2025 · EU pctl 7
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,044M
2025 · EU pctl 27
Labour market
Employment, total persons
119,350
2023 · EU pctl 51
Self-employed persons
33,880
2023 · EU pctl 74
Employment in manufacturing (C)
3,430
2023 · EU pctl 7
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
67.7%
2025 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
23.6%
2024 · EU pctl 81 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
7.3%
2025 · EU pctl 78
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
95,000
2025 · EU pctl 39
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
22,206
2023 · EU pctl 63
Enterprise births
1,686
2023 · EU pctl 58
Enterprise deaths
529
2022 · EU pctl 28
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.3%
2022 · EU pctl 48
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.2%
2023 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.4%
2023 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
22.5%
2025 · EU pctl 10 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
26.6%
2025 · EU pctl 7 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
2.7%
2025 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
12.5%
2025 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
4.5%
2025 · EU pctl 4 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
28,745,136
2024 · EU pctl 99
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
399 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 3 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 0
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
4,313 kt
2025 · EU pctl 32
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 2
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
0 km/1000km²
2023 · EU pctl 0 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
31
CURRENT · EU pctl 25
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
138,497
2025 · EU pctl 46
Population aged 65+
41,951
2025 · EU pctl 35
Population aged under 15
30,639
2025 · EU pctl 46
Median age of population
43.4 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 22
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
30.3%
2025 · EU pctl 15
Crude rate of total population change
10.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 92
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
10.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 86
Crude birth rate
8.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 76
Crude death rate
8.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 10
Live births
1,822
2024 · EU pctl 49
Deaths
1,836
2024 · EU pctl 29
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
52.4%
2025 · EU pctl 12
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.55
2024 · EU pctl 82
Population density (persons per km²)
79 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 31
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
270,212
2100 · EU pctl 60
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
263 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
972 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 38 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
213 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 29 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 0
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
8.1 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 18
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
72.8 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 11
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
329 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 21
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
132 /M pop
2022 · EU pctl 99 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.56
2022 · EU pctl 12
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.42
2022 · EU pctl 10
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.49
2022 · EU pctl 16
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.32
2022 · EU pctl 10
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.24
2022 · EU pctl 14
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.143/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 42
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.039/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 0
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
297 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 60
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
74 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 97
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
1 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 3
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 54
Environment
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
10.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 17
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
0.0%
2021 · EU pctl 0
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Greece regions