NUTS-3 DEG03 · Germany
Jena, Kreisfreie Stadt
Opportunity48Momentum46Resilience36Quality of life52vs nearest peer: Kaiserslautern, Kreisfreie Stadt →
Jena, Kreisfreie Stadt generates €6.4bn of GDP across 109.7k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 48.1/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by market access and livability. Its economy has grown +5.0%/yr over five years, with the employment rate up 0.8pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for economy (72th EU percentile) and weakest for health (25.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Long-run riser64 → 88 EU percentile since 1995 (+24 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Economic base91
Industrial base81
Labour market67
Demographic outlook61
Governance56
Connectivity52
Quality of life52
Air quality48
Cost advantage47
Growth momentum46
Energy cost36
Resilience36
Talent & skills29
Freight intensity28
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
48.1
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth46
Livability52.2
Market access53
Economic scale41
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
35.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability69
Labour stability31
Diversification14
Demographic stability29
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
52.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density43
Airport access61
Market access53
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
28.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary33
Lifelong learning23
Knowledge workers27
Scientists & engineers31
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
48.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.59.4 µg/m³
PM1014.8 µg/m³
NO210.2 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
52.2
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy72
Jobs67.5
Education52
Health25.5
Safety56
Connectivity43
Environment49.7
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
46
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+5.0%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+4.8%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.3 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.8 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.3%
CAGR
Employment rate
+0.8 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-0.5 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Public · health · education · 34.1%Moderately concentrated · HHI 2616
Industry 29.2%Construction 3%Trade · transport · ICT 13.3%Finance · real estate · prof. 20.4%Public · health · education 34.1%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€6,419M2023
9.4% 1y 5.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 41
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€5,419M2025
0.2% 1y 1.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 41
Population
109,7252025
0.3% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 17
Unemployment rate
3.6%2025
5.9% 1y 8.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 30
Employment
76,1602023
1.7% 1y 1.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 33
Productivity / employee
€89,0622025
3.3% 1y 4.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 63
Gross value added
€5,863M2023
11.0% 1y 5.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 42
All indicators · 85 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€5,863M
2023 · EU pctl 42
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€1M
2023 · EU pctl 1
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,713M
2023 · EU pctl 52
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,554M
2023 · EU pctl 58
GVA — construction (F)
€174M
2023 · EU pctl 16
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€781M
2023 · EU pctl 28
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€25,200
2023 · EU pctl 53 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
51,900 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 91
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€58,200
2023 · EU pctl 91
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€14,609M
2023 · EU pctl 51 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€3,167M
2023 · EU pctl 67 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€42,299M
2023 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,197M
2023 · EU pctl 42
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,996M
2023 · EU pctl 61
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€5,419M
2025 · EU pctl 41
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€89,062
2025 · EU pctl 63
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,236M
2025 · EU pctl 33
Labour market
Employment, total persons
76,160
2023 · EU pctl 33
Self-employed persons
4,240
2023 · EU pctl 9
Employment in manufacturing (C)
11,770
2023 · EU pctl 35
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
80.5%
2025 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
7.7%
2019 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.6%
2025 · EU pctl 30
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
58,300
2025 · EU pctl 20
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
3,125
2023 · EU pctl 8
Enterprise births
210
2023 · EU pctl 7
Enterprise deaths
246
2023 · EU pctl 9
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.0%
2023 · EU pctl 9
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
2.6%
2023 · EU pctl 76 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
4.7%
2025 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.3%
2023 · EU pctl 55 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
30.4%
2025 · EU pctl 28 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
35.6%
2025 · EU pctl 33 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
8.1%
2025 · EU pctl 23 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
19.9%
2025 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
7.3%
2025 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
383,757
2024 · EU pctl 25
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
568 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 36 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
367
CURRENT · EU pctl 31
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
2,112 kt
2025 · EU pctl 13
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
32 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
335
CURRENT · EU pctl 43
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
44
CURRENT · EU pctl 39
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
70,724
2025 · EU pctl 18
Population aged 65+
25,053
2025 · EU pctl 15
Population aged under 15
13,948
2025 · EU pctl 15
Median age of population
41.5 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 10
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
35.4%
2025 · EU pctl 42
Crude rate of total population change
-3.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 23
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
0.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 19
Crude birth rate
6.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 32
Crude death rate
10.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 38
Live births
755
2024 · EU pctl 16
Deaths
1,200
2024 · EU pctl 13
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.1%
2025 · EU pctl 22
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
0.99
2024 · EU pctl 3
Population density (persons per km²)
956 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 89
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
103,994
2100 · EU pctl 20
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,212 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
228 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 0
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
49.1 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 82
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
301 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 67
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,436 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 81
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
46 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 51 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
2022 · EU pctl 59
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
2022 · EU pctl 54
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
2022 · EU pctl 57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
2022 · EU pctl 34
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 64
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 53
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
144 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 39
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
12 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 67
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
53 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 45
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 33
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 50
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
10
2024 · EU pctl 36
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
49
2024 · EU pctl 25
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
7.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 10
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
4.1%
2021 · EU pctl 61
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Germany regions