NUTS-3 DE228 · Germany
Passau, Landkreis
Passau, Landkreis generates €7.5bn of GDP across 194.7k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 52.3/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by livability and market access. Its economy has grown +4.5%/yr over five years, with the employment rate up 1.9pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for digital connectivity (97th EU percentile) and weakest for education (19th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Mid-field stable54 → 57 EU percentile since 1995 (+4 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Labour market90
Freight intensity90
Industrial base78
Resilience70
Quality of life62
Connectivity61
Economic base56
Governance56
Demographic outlook42
Growth momentum42
Energy cost36
Talent & skills23
Cost advantage15
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
52.3
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth41.8
Livability62.4
Market access57
Economic scale48
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
70
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability73
Labour stability77
Diversification73
Demographic stability57
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
61
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density97
Airport access29
Market access57
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
22.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary24
Lifelong learning8
Knowledge workers21
Scientists & engineers38
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
62.4
/ 100 · EU-relative · 6/7 pillars
Economy70.5
Jobs91.5
Education19
Health34.5
Safety61.7
Connectivity97
Environment—
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
41.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+4.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+4.4%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.1 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.3 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.2%
CAGR
Employment rate
+1.9 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.9 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 28.5%Diversified · HHI 2122
Agriculture 2.9%Industry 28.5%Construction 8.2%Trade · transport · ICT 18.3%Finance · real estate · prof. 23.3%Public · health · education 18.8%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€7,503M2023
6.2% 1y 4.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 48
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€6,228M2025
0.2% 1y 0.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 47
Population
194,6992025
0.3% 1y 0.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 39
Unemployment rate
2.9%2025
45.0% 1y 0.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 9
Employment
88,6502023
0.4% 1y 0.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 40
Productivity / employee
€88,7912025
3.3% 1y 5.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 63
Gross value added
€6,854M2023
7.7% 1y 4.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 48
All indicators · 80 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€6,854M
2023 · EU pctl 48
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€196M
2023 · EU pctl 59
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,956M
2023 · EU pctl 57
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,716M
2023 · EU pctl 61
GVA — construction (F)
€561M
2023 · EU pctl 60
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,253M
2023 · EU pctl 44
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€29,300
2023 · EU pctl 85 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
34,500 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 56
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€38,800
2023 · EU pctl 61
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€15,377M
2023 · EU pctl 54 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€3,308M
2023 · EU pctl 72 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€31,040M
2023 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,597M
2023 · EU pctl 52
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,291M
2023 · EU pctl 42
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€6,228M
2025 · EU pctl 47
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€88,791
2025 · EU pctl 63
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,881M
2025 · EU pctl 52
Labour market
Employment, total persons
88,650
2023 · EU pctl 40
Self-employed persons
11,150
2023 · EU pctl 39
Employment in manufacturing (C)
20,770
2023 · EU pctl 57
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
83.5%
2025 · EU pctl 89 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
2.9%
2025 · EU pctl 9
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
104,200
2025 · EU pctl 43
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
8,885
2023 · EU pctl 36
Enterprise births
673
2023 · EU pctl 34
Enterprise deaths
673
2023 · EU pctl 37
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.2%
2023 · EU pctl 13
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.7%
2023 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.7%
2025 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.7%
2023 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
28.7%
2025 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
33.3%
2025 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
6.2%
2025 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.8%
2025 · EU pctl 21 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
7.6%
2025 · EU pctl 38 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
3,027,167
2024 · EU pctl 77
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
681 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 89 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,481
CURRENT · EU pctl 86
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
10,393 kt
2025 · EU pctl 65
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1,274
CURRENT · EU pctl 97
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
75
CURRENT · EU pctl 71
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 75
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
120,426
2025 · EU pctl 40
Population aged 65+
48,129
2025 · EU pctl 41
Population aged under 15
26,144
2025 · EU pctl 39
Median age of population
48.3 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 71
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
40.0%
2025 · EU pctl 68
Crude rate of total population change
3.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 65
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
7.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 73
Crude birth rate
7.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 44
Crude death rate
11.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 50
Live births
1,452
2024 · EU pctl 40
Deaths
2,261
2024 · EU pctl 37
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
61.7%
2025 · EU pctl 67
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.41
2024 · EU pctl 53
Population density (persons per km²)
128 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 50
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
182,980
2100 · EU pctl 42
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,108 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
231 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 55 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 40
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
10.3 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 26
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
99.5 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 20
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
344 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 21
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
47 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 54 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
2022 · EU pctl 59
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
2022 · EU pctl 54
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
2022 · EU pctl 57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
2022 · EU pctl 34
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 64
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 53
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
373 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 70
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
10 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 58
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
80 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 73
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 62
Environment
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
19.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 36
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
5.9%
2021 · EU pctl 73
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Germany regions