NUTS-3 RO422 · Romania
Population
242,2322025
GDP
€3,655M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
5.1%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
66.5%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
8,527 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO422 · ITG15
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Caltanissetta (Opportunity 33). Runner-up: Caraş-Severin (26). Contrarian pick: Caraş-Severin — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 94).
Strengths
Cost advantage (71) · Growth momentum (52)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Connectivity (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Long-run slide: down 13 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute)
Strengths
Cost advantage (94) · Digital readiness (60)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Caltanissetta
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%); Connectivity (EU bottom 15%); Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%); Industrial base (EU bottom 15%); Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%); Long-run slide: down 13 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute). Its weakest dimension is Labour market (EU pctl 1) — Caraş-Severin may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Caraş-Severin · Manufacturing → Caraş-Severin · Office → Caraş-Severin · Residential → Caltanissetta.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
25.9
33.1
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
39.8
35.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
28.3
28.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
17.0
12.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
33.8
7.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
46.2
51.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
4.6% 5y
3.4% 5y
Population
2.1% 5y
0.8% 5y
Unemployment rate
2.5% 5y
0.2% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€15,091
€20,665
Population density
28 /km²
115 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 88 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€3,312M
€4,556M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€174M
€282M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€483M
€434M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€413M
€241M
GVA — construction (F)
€252M
€426M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,107M
€879M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€9,900
€16,800
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
24,900 PPS
21,200 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€15,000
€20,400
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€5,950M
€24,161M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€880M
€2,214M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€11,679M
€40,753M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€407M
€686M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€19M
€51M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€608M
€1,200M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€688M
€1,335M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€2,842M
€4,759M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€57,394
€69,449
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€785M
€1,162M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
70,900
74,300
Self-employed persons
9,580
18,800
Employment in manufacturing (C)
15,490
5,500
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
64.5%
54.1%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
31.2%
33.8%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.2%
12.1%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
96,900
87,300
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
8,670
13,701
Enterprise births
874
1,166
Enterprise deaths
561
788
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.4%
4.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.2%
1.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
6.5%
2.6%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.6%
0.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
19.4%
16.9%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
17.3%
24.0%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.3%
7.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
18.9%
15.8%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
9.1%
3.9%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
90.9%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
633,964
275,528
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
476 /1k
733 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
1,678 kt
992 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
100
1
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
8 km/1000km²
28 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
41
0
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
94
96
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
151,098
156,417
Population aged 65+
59,186
58,686
Population aged under 15
31,948
30,318
Median age of population
47.7 yrs
47.8 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
39.2%
37.5%
Crude rate of total population change
-6.0 /1k
-6.9 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.2 /1k
-2.2 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.4 /1k
6.7 /1k
Crude death rate
14.6 /1k
11.4 /1k
Live births
1,549
1,640
Deaths
3,546
2,797
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
60.3%
56.9%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.33
1.20
Population density (persons per km²)
29 /km²
116 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
122,507
164,385
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
20.2%
44.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
76.4 yrs
82.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
11.9%
38.4%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
805 /100k
288 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,939 /100k
1,031 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
249 /100k
209 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
0.8 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
6.2 /100k
13.8 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
154 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
163 /100k
533 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
68 /M
50 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
1,297 m
413 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
0 days/yr
79 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
146 days/yr
4 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
9 days/yr
5 days/yr