NUTS-3 RO411 · Romania
Population
595,2292025
GDP
€8,517M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
6.9%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
61.7%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
7,419.9 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO411 · PL622
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Olsztyński (Opportunity 40). Runner-up: Dolj (33). Contrarian pick: Dolj — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 97).
Strengths
Cost advantage (92) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Connectivity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
#2Dolj
Strengths
Cost advantage (97) · Energy cost (52)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Olsztyński
Connectivity (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 14) — Dolj may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Olsztyński leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
32.8
40.1
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
39.0
33.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
21.2
30.9
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
23.7
30.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
42.3
14.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
10.5
21.8
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
40.0
55.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.6% 5y
3.6% 5y
Population
0.9% 5y
1.5% 5y
Unemployment rate
6.7% 5y
3.3% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€14,308
€16,178
Population density
80 /km²
54 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€7,718M
€8,175M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€346M
€501M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,919M
€1,927M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,054M
€1,566M
GVA — construction (F)
€592M
€486M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,958M
€2,033M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€7,500
€10,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
23,700 PPS
23,400 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€14,300
€15,800
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€4,369M
€3,635M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€531M
€684M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€8,535M
€7,205M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€558M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€281M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,146M
€1,378M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,757M
€1,850M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€5,163M
€7,896M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€35,631
€40,020
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,585M
€2,077M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
266,080
277,600
Self-employed persons
82,460
48,400
Employment in manufacturing (C)
34,170
46,800
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
60.8%
71.9%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
32.8%
17.5%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
6.9%
3.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
230,900
261,300
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
26,947
36,099
Enterprise births
3,636
3,882
Enterprise deaths
1,712
4,821
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.7%
5.8%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.2%
1.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
1.9%
2.0%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.1%
0.5%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
16.8%
31.4%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
20.4%
33.5%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
3.0%
5.8%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
15.3%
20.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.5%
6.9%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
95.3%
93.4%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
303,361
1,829,223
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
428 /1k
597 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
4,768 kt
19,690 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
466
71
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
0 km/1000km²
0 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
78
13
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
22
122
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
379,998
360,836
Population aged 65+
125,310
119,183
Population aged under 15
89,921
79,253
Median age of population
44.8 yrs
44.3 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
33.0%
33.0%
Crude rate of total population change
-5.3 /1k
-5.7 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.0 /1k
-0.8 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.2 /1k
6.1 /1k
Crude death rate
14.5 /1k
11.0 /1k
Live births
4,302
3,426
Deaths
8,659
6,182
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.6%
55.0%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.34
1.07
Population density (persons per km²)
82 /km²
56 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
372,684
388,821
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
36.0%
19.6%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
76.9 yrs
77.9 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
27.8%
18.0%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
718 /100k
584 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,743 /100k
1,595 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
189 /100k
255 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
0.4 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
9.7 /100k
10.0 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
88.2 /100k
119 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
172 /100k
174 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
111 /M
63 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
164 m
149 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
44 days/yr
4 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
62 days/yr
96 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
1 days/yr