NUTS-3 RO213 · Romania
Population
780,2712025
GDP
€12,051M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
5.7%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
69.1%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
5,481.8 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO213 · PL634
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Gdański (Opportunity 50). Runner-up: Iaşi (35). Contrarian pick: Iaşi — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 98).
#1Gdański
Strengths
Cost advantage (90) · Demographic outlook (89)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
#2Iaşi
Strengths
Cost advantage (98) · Demographic outlook (75)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Gdański
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Economic base (EU pctl 7) — Iaşi may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Gdański leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
34.7
49.6
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
34.0
55.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
17.6
45.9
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
11.0
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
36.3
43.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
16.8
72.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
45.0
81.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.6% 5y
3.9% 5y
Population
0.3% 5y
1.5% 5y
Unemployment rate
13.7% 5y
0.0% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€15,445
€13,314
Population density
142 /km²
148 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 88 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€10,920M
€7,640M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€275M
€270M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,199M
€1,983M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,038M
€1,718M
GVA — construction (F)
€983M
€888M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,646M
€2,118M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€7,200
€11,000
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
25,600 PPS
19,300 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€15,500
€13,100
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€7,628M
€8,238M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€620M
€1,560M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€12,735M
€17,730M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,223M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€1,590M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,311M
€1,124M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,507M
€1,256M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€8,181M
€7,265M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€33,701
€43,850
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,796M
€1,813M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
398,070
237,600
Self-employed persons
136,670
52,900
Employment in manufacturing (C)
35,490
43,100
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
65.9%
76.5%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
18.0%
7.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.7%
2.7%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
327,200
321,800
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
38,780
51,364
Enterprise births
5,090
6,420
Enterprise deaths
2,969
7,105
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.8%
5.3%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.3%
2.3%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
1.4%
6.7%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.2%
1.3%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
13.4%
43.6%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
19.0%
48.8%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.0%
9.1%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
13.0%
32.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
5.8%
11.7%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
95.7%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
576,427
3,214,647
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
344 /1k
600 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
8,407 kt
21,655 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
741
1,100
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
1 km/1000km²
4 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
95
173
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
33
24
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
496,753
418,302
Population aged 65+
134,359
96,195
Population aged under 15
149,159
120,537
Median age of population
38.7 yrs
39.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
27.0%
23.0%
Crude rate of total population change
2.0 /1k
8.5 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.5 /1k
8.2 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.7 /1k
9.1 /1k
Crude death rate
11.1 /1k
8.8 /1k
Live births
6,752
5,731
Deaths
8,646
5,576
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
57.1%
51.8%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.43
1.40
Population density (persons per km²)
144 /km²
150 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
792,007
716,376
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
30.3%
16.8%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
75.5 yrs
78.7 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
23.4%
13.5%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
668 /100k
470 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,885 /100k
1,427 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
246 /100k
290 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.5 /100k
0.9 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
18.8 /100k
6.8 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
127 /100k
128 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
481 /100k
193 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
87 /M
50 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
91 m
174 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
23 days/yr
2 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
84 days/yr
87 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
2 days/yr