NUTS-3 PL823 · Poland
Population
620,1492025
GDP
€10,913M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
73.2%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
3,555.4 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL823 · PL416
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Kaliski (Opportunity 48). Runner-up: Rzeszowski (46). Contrarian pick: Rzeszowski — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 94).
Strengths
Cost advantage (94) · Demographic outlook (89)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Kaliski
Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 14) — Rzeszowski may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Rzeszowski · Manufacturing → Kaliski · Office → Rzeszowski · Residential → Rzeszowski.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
45.8
47.9
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
22.3
27.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
35.7
40.1
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
13.3
19.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
55.3
21.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
41.0
35.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
63.6
53.4
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
4.7% 5y
3.5% 5y
Population
0.5% 5y
0.8% 5y
Unemployment rate
3.5% 5y
9.2% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€17,598
€18,163
Population density
174 /km²
110 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€9,861M
€10,466M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€93M
€617M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,662M
€3,802M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,251M
€3,378M
GVA — construction (F)
€711M
€937M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,853M
€2,266M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€9,600
€11,800
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
25,700 PPS
26,100 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€17,400
€17,700
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€5,847M
€12,125M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,209M
€2,853M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€11,647M
€27,656M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,509M
€1,299M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,032M
€1,545M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€9,552M
€9,997M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€44,535
€46,454
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,631M
€2,230M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
311,600
307,500
Self-employed persons
51,200
74,500
Employment in manufacturing (C)
50,900
94,200
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
69.5%
76.0%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
21.3%
8.7%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.6%
2.8%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
278,300
313,400
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
43,710
45,855
Enterprise births
5,167
4,484
Enterprise deaths
5,154
5,210
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.9%
5.6%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.2%
1.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.3%
2.9%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.7%
0.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
34.2%
34.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
42.2%
42.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
5.8%
6.4%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
24.7%
22.8%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
8.1%
7.2%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
97.9%
97.8%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
793,386
344,910
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
612 /1k
667 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
18,044 kt
28,190 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,237
54
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
9 km/1000km²
7 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
361
9
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
2
92
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
401,159
410,482
Population aged 65+
115,095
129,575
Population aged under 15
103,895
97,698
Median age of population
41.2 yrs
43.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
28.7%
31.6%
Crude rate of total population change
2.7 /1k
-4.4 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.5 /1k
-0.7 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.6 /1k
7.3 /1k
Crude death rate
9.3 /1k
10.9 /1k
Live births
5,296
4,641
Deaths
5,780
6,955
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.6%
55.4%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.29
1.25
Population density (persons per km²)
175 /km²
111 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
614,982
451,028
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
18.4%
17.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
79.5 yrs
78.5 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
16.5%
15.4%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
691 /100k
446 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,450 /100k
1,508 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
217 /100k
284 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.0 /100k
0.2 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
3.2 /100k
5.2 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
30.6 /100k
103 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
100 /100k
175 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
53 /M
62 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
212 m
151 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
12 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
85 days/yr
77 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
2 days/yr