NUTS-3 PL618 · Poland
Population
171,9252025
GDP
€2,449M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
4.1%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
78.6%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
3,333.6 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL618 · RO123
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Covasna (Opportunity 34). Runner-up: Świecki (26). Contrarian pick: Świecki — leads the set on Industrial base (EU pctl 95).
#1Covasna
Strengths
Cost advantage (95) · Digital readiness (80)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
#2Świecki
Strengths
Industrial base (95) · Cost advantage (91)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Covasna
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 2) — Świecki may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Covasna leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
26.2
34.0
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
15.5
42.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
35.0
29.3
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
45.7
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
19.3
35.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
33.5
24.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
38.6
75.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.0% 5y
1.8% 5y
Population
1.5% 5y
0.2% 5y
Unemployment rate
6.4% 5y
10.1% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€14,244
€12,886
Population density
52 /km²
54 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€2,213M
€2,331M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€210M
€164M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€869M
€522M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€819M
€469M
GVA — construction (F)
€159M
€180M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€393M
€592M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€10,900
€9,200
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
20,500 PPS
21,400 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€13,900
€12,900
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€5,384M
€10,071M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,236M
€1,159M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€12,111M
€14,134M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€232M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€43M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€222M
€382M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€360M
€491M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€2,133M
€1,826M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€40,475
€36,852
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€490M
€752M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
74,300
77,690
Self-employed persons
19,400
16,980
Employment in manufacturing (C)
18,500
19,950
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
75.2%
66.3%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
15.8%
24.2%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.1%
4.1%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
83,500
84,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
8,855
9,086
Enterprise births
952
892
Enterprise deaths
1,196
543
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.0%
6.3%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.8%
0.4%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.4%
2.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.7%
0.4%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
31.9%
19.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
32.3%
20.6%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.1%
7.8%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
21.6%
18.2%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.0%
8.9%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
97.4%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
230,631
576,849
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
613 /1k
433 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
5,635 kt
2,412 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
38
58
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
9 km/1000km²
6 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
22
29
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
100
43
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
110,334
128,203
Population aged 65+
34,987
38,701
Population aged under 15
26,604
32,702
Median age of population
43.0 yrs
43.0 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.7%
30.2%
Crude rate of total population change
-6.1 /1k
-0.3 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-2.3 /1k
3.9 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.8 /1k
8.3 /1k
Crude death rate
10.7 /1k
12.5 /1k
Live births
1,176
1,664
Deaths
1,847
2,503
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.8%
55.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.20
1.53
Population density (persons per km²)
53 /km²
54 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
125,090
133,213
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
21.4%
24.1%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.2 yrs
77.0 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
19.3%
19.1%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
959 /100k
749 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,562 /100k
1,780 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
294 /100k
236 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
0.0 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
5.2 /100k
3.5 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
101 /100k
68.1 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
142 /100k
92.7 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
65 /M
72 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.39
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.44
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.07
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.55
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.155/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.051/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
127 m
595 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
5 days/yr
5 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
88 days/yr
113 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
3 days/yr