NUTS-3 ITC4C · Italy
Population
3,246,4552025
GDP
€230,481M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
75.1%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
1,574.7 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ITC4C · ES300
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Madrid (Opportunity 79). Runner-up: Milano (73). Contrarian pick: Milano — leads the set on Economic base (EU pctl 97).
#1Madrid
Strengths
Energy cost (95) · Demographic outlook (94)
Red flags
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Madrid
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Industrial base (EU pctl 8) — Milano may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Madrid leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
72.5
78.5
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
35.5
40.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
48.6
63.9
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
—
28.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
70.3
64.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
29.5
86.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
53.2
77.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.6% 5y
4.8% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
1.1% 5y
Unemployment rate
13.5% 5y
8.5% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€70,995
€41,600
Population density
2,062 /km²
888 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€207,052M
€269,700M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€288M
€202M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€31,679M
€23,119M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€24,765M
€15,177M
GVA — construction (F)
€8,915M
€12,434M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€62,205M
€91,171M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€26,600
€22,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
73,900 PPS
47,900 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€71,200
€42,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€101,220M
€73,703M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€19,922M
€4,997M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€188,904M
€167,171M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€23,051M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€17,421M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€79,975M
€92,199M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€23,987M
€50,575M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€209,864M
€279,971M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€111,626
€81,726
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€48,283M
€83,602M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
2,127,000
3,857,600
Self-employed persons
380,300
405,400
Employment in manufacturing (C)
225,900
190,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
71.7%
78.3%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
10.9%
19.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
2.9%
8.0%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,539,900
3,856,800
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
336,627
553,293
Enterprise births
29,755
52,854
Enterprise deaths
19,744
42,764
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.1%
4.3%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.2%
2.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
5.3%
8.5%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.6%
1.9%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
23.6%
50.0%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
34.0%
57.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.8%
16.8%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
18.7%
33.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
5.2%
10.7%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
98.6%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
22,844,935
32,320,997
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
640 /1k
606 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
48,414 kt
112,847 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
4,954
13,277
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
32 km/1000km²
92 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
153
187
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
13
17
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
2,099,966
4,827,262
Population aged 65+
752,754
1,342,648
Population aged under 15
393,735
943,976
Median age of population
47.6 yrs
44.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
35.8%
27.8%
Crude rate of total population change
0.3 /1k
14.8 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.5 /1k
14.6 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.6 /1k
7.2 /1k
Crude death rate
9.8 /1k
7.0 /1k
Live births
21,441
50,770
Deaths
31,866
49,408
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.6%
47.4%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.14
1.09
Population density (persons per km²)
2,081 /km²
886 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
3,516,427
8,486,429
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
12.5%
19.4%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.4 yrs
85.7 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
9.2%
12.7%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
322 /100k
253 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
835 /100k
696 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
222 /100k
187 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
0.3 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
129 /100k
158 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
—
232 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
3,560 /100k
422 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
38 /M
18 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
1.14
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
0.84
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.96
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.78
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.16
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
€0.106/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
118 m
650 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
33 days/yr
72 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
43 days/yr
31 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
19 days/yr
4 days/yr