Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€31,150M
€34,049M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€66M
€228M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€5,076M
€2,540M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,271M
€1,920M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,879M
€2,210M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€8,991M
€6,634M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€23,600
€25,900
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
44,000 PPS
31,300 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€42,400
€33,900
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€12,797M
€49,335M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,274M
€3,075M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€21,326M
€105,791M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€4,684M
€9,511M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€763M
€459M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€9,298M
€12,887M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€5,840M
€9,551M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€30,946M
€34,094M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€89,577
€88,532
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€7,708M
€8,781M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
393,700
439,400
Self-employed persons
88,300
76,100
Employment in manufacturing (C)
35,700
24,800
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
72.2%
73.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
20.6%
22.6%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.7%
7.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
369,600
478,300
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
23.5%
42.5%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
28.0%
52.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.4%
13.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
17.5%
29.8%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
4.3%
9.7%
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
563 /1k
593 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
20,318 kt
19,267 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,759
4,763
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
70 km/1000km²
24 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
337
418
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
16
82
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
494,351
651,961
Population aged 65+
239,922
320,445
Population aged under 15
84,539
166,644
Median age of population
52.4 yrs
48.6 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
48.5%
49.2%
Crude rate of total population change
1.4 /1k
8.7 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
9.7 /1k
11.6 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.7 /1k
8.3 /1k
Crude death rate
14.0 /1k
11.2 /1k
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
65.6%
74.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.18
1.63
Population density (persons per km²)
447 /km²
189 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
685,617
1,135,569
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.2 /100k
2.0 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
65.3 /100k
56.1 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
—
456 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,603 /100k
1,888 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
41 /M
56 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
1.46
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
1.27
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
1.02
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
1.39
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.02