NUTS-3 ES522 · Spain
Population
627,6202025
GDP
€17,662M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
11.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
70.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
6,646.7 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ES522 · ITF31
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Castellón/Castelló (Opportunity 55). Runner-up: Caserta (51). Contrarian pick: Caserta — leads the set on Demographic outlook (EU pctl 78).
Strengths
Freight intensity (99) · Energy cost (95)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
#2Caserta
Strengths
Demographic outlook (78) · Cost advantage (73)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Castellón/Castelló
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Demographic outlook (EU pctl 10) — Caserta may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Castellón/Castelló leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
54.5
50.9
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
51.3
50.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
56.8
19.7
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
83.3
6.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
22.7
41.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
60.3
11.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
62.2
59.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.9% 5y
3.3% 5y
Population
1.4% 5y
0.1% 5y
Unemployment rate
4.1% 5y
2.7% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€28,141
€21,436
Population density
94 /km²
343 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€16,117M
€17,494M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€599M
€748M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€4,318M
€2,325M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,949M
€1,944M
GVA — construction (F)
€866M
€1,588M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€4,035M
€4,033M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€16,000
€16,200
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
32,500 PPS
22,300 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€29,000
€21,500
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€25,331M
€28,842M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€4,983M
€3,238M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€70,224M
€50,450M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€2,230M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€151M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€3,435M
€4,226M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,864M
€4,575M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€16,561M
€18,034M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€73,535
€69,408
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€3,634M
€4,288M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
258,200
287,400
Self-employed persons
38,900
71,500
Employment in manufacturing (C)
45,000
31,600
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
74.1%
54.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
30.5%
40.1%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
11.6%
13.9%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
315,800
339,800
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
42,255
54,056
Enterprise births
3,604
5,551
Enterprise deaths
3,007
3,144
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.1%
5.2%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.2%
1.2%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.3%
3.4%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.0%
1.1%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
38.1%
18.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
53.1%
27.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
18.3%
8.6%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
22.2%
16.8%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.0%
3.8%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
98.0%
90.9%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
7,911,112
1,453,756
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
510 /1k
667 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
60,988 kt
11,355 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
933
54
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
50 km/1000km²
37 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
149
6
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
92
39
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
415,765
603,868
Population aged 65+
127,565
179,524
Population aged under 15
84,290
125,059
Median age of population
45.8 yrs
44.9 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
30.7%
29.7%
Crude rate of total population change
20.0 /1k
2.1 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
22.2 /1k
4.0 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.7 /1k
7.7 /1k
Crude death rate
8.9 /1k
9.6 /1k
Live births
4,168
7,029
Deaths
5,517
8,709
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
51.0%
50.4%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.19
1.28
Population density (persons per km²)
94 /km²
344 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
444,591
774,935
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
30.7%
41.2%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
83.5 yrs
82.0 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
26.0%
35.6%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
219 /100k
257 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
900 /100k
1,058 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
213 /100k
238 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
1.2 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
77.5 /100k
43.7 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
428 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
318 /100k
1,393 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
30 /M
47 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
528 m
158 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
22 days/yr
51 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
10 days/yr
11 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
17 days/yr