NUTS-3 ES431 · Spain
Population
665,1552025
GDP
€14,927M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
14.8%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
66.9%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
21,773.8 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ES431 · ES522
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Castellón/Castelló (Opportunity 55). Runner-up: Badajoz (47). Contrarian pick: Badajoz — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 77).
Strengths
Freight intensity (99) · Energy cost (95)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
#2Badajoz
Strengths
Energy cost (95) · Cost advantage (77)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Connectivity (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Castellón/Castelló
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Demographic outlook (EU pctl 10) — Badajoz may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Castellón/Castelló leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
46.5
54.5
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
42.8
51.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
42.4
56.8
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
57.0
83.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
9.0
22.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
51.3
60.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
54.6
62.2
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.1% 5y
2.9% 5y
Population
0.2% 5y
1.4% 5y
Unemployment rate
8.0% 5y
4.1% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€22,441
€28,141
Population density
31 /km²
94 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€13,591M
€16,117M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€1,023M
€599M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,877M
€4,318M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,208M
€3,949M
GVA — construction (F)
€928M
€866M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,899M
€4,035M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€15,200
€16,000
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
25,200 PPS
32,500 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€22,400
€29,000
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€4,835M
€25,331M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€488M
€4,983M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€11,520M
€70,224M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,733M
€3,435M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€4,132M
€2,864M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€13,277M
€16,561M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€60,835
€73,535
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€3,250M
€3,634M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
262,700
258,200
Self-employed persons
48,700
38,900
Employment in manufacturing (C)
18,500
45,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
72.7%
74.1%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
37.4%
30.5%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
14.8%
11.6%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
321,200
315,800
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
42,263
42,255
Enterprise births
3,312
3,604
Enterprise deaths
3,017
3,007
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.1%
4.1%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.7%
1.2%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.2%
3.3%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.5%
1.0%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
34.5%
38.1%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
49.6%
53.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
14.8%
18.3%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
20.0%
22.2%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
6.6%
7.0%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.5%
98.0%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,653,651
7,911,112
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
631 /1k
510 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
21,948 kt
60,988 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
13
933
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
17 km/1000km²
50 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
2
149
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
144
92
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
436,343
415,765
Population aged 65+
143,172
127,565
Population aged under 15
85,640
84,290
Median age of population
46.6 yrs
45.8 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
32.8%
30.7%
Crude rate of total population change
-1.3 /1k
20.0 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.4 /1k
22.2 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.6 /1k
6.7 /1k
Crude death rate
10.3 /1k
8.9 /1k
Live births
4,364
4,168
Deaths
6,827
5,517
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
52.4%
51.0%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.15
1.19
Population density (persons per km²)
31 /km²
94 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
424,590
444,591
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
30.4%
30.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
83.2 yrs
83.5 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
26.2%
26.0%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
343 /100k
219 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
925 /100k
900 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
213 /100k
213 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
0.3 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
32.0 /100k
77.5 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
273 /100k
428 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
162 /100k
318 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
42 /M
30 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
1.14
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.84
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.96
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.78
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.16
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.106/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
277 m
528 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
95 days/yr
22 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
5 days/yr
10 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
5 days/yr