NUTS-3 ES413 · Spain
Population
448,0302025
GDP
€12,194M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
8.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
74.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
15,571.8 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ES413 · ITC18
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Alessandria (Opportunity 56). Runner-up: León (47). Contrarian pick: León — leads the set on Energy cost (EU pctl 95).
#2León
Strengths
Energy cost (95) · Freight intensity (83)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Alessandria
Its weakest dimension is Talent & skills (EU pctl 18) — León may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Alessandria · Manufacturing → Alessandria · Office → León · Residential → Alessandria.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
47.3
55.8
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
38.3
39.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
51.3
42.2
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
53.3
19.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
15.7
49.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
60.3
18.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
53.8
40.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.8% 5y
3.5% 5y
Population
0.4% 5y
0.5% 5y
Unemployment rate
8.9% 5y
9.0% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€27,216
€35,428
Population density
29 /km²
114 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€11,127M
€12,960M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€530M
€196M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,820M
€3,789M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,163M
€3,562M
GVA — construction (F)
€694M
€909M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,776M
€2,730M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€18,500
€24,400
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
30,500 PPS
36,800 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€27,200
€35,500
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€13,527M
€44,851M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,707M
€10,323M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€32,274M
€61,911M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€1,701M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€152M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,462M
€3,191M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,846M
€2,144M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€11,193M
€13,218M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€73,607
€85,652
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,677M
€4,131M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
178,200
171,100
Self-employed persons
30,900
40,200
Employment in manufacturing (C)
17,800
35,200
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
75.7%
73.5%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
24.7%
19.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
8.6%
6.0%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
210,300
186,700
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
29,732
29,421
Enterprise births
1,992
2,052
Enterprise deaths
2,036
1,644
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.5%
3.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
2.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.3%
3.6%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.1%
1.6%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
42.1%
21.2%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
52.3%
29.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
15.3%
10.0%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
22.8%
16.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.3%
5.0%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
93.9%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
2,002,862
845,432
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
601 /1k
723 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
21,025 kt
16,949 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
56
118
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
26 km/1000km²
36 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
13
29
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
103
47
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
4
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
272,544
248,089
Population aged 65+
131,756
117,177
Population aged under 15
43,730
41,936
Median age of population
52.4 yrs
52.3 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
48.3%
47.2%
Crude rate of total population change
0.5 /1k
2.0 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
9.6 /1k
11.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
4.5 /1k
5.1 /1k
Crude death rate
13.6 /1k
14.4 /1k
Live births
1,999
2,086
Deaths
6,087
5,878
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
64.4%
64.1%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
0.94
1.10
Population density (persons per km²)
29 /km²
115 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
233,601
302,995
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
24.1%
16.9%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.8 yrs
83.7 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
19.8%
14.0%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
343 /100k
353 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
749 /100k
892 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
212 /100k
228 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
0.7 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
36.4 /100k
26.1 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
210 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
190 /100k
1,037 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
68 /M
40 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
1,039 m
132 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
16 days/yr
52 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
63 days/yr
51 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
10 days/yr