NUTS-3 ES412 · Spain
Population
362,6632025
GDP
€11,304M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
8.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
74.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
14,293.2 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ES412 · ITC15
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Novara (Opportunity 59). Runner-up: Burgos (49). Contrarian pick: Burgos — leads the set on Freight intensity (EU pctl 97).
#1Novara
Strengths
Industrial base (86) · Freight intensity (76)
Red flags
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Long-run slide: down 24 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute)
#2Burgos
Strengths
Freight intensity (97) · Energy cost (95)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Novara
Air quality (EU bottom 15%); Long-run slide: down 24 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute). Its weakest dimension is Air quality (EU pctl 14) — Burgos may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Novara · Manufacturing → Burgos · Office → Burgos · Residential → Novara.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
48.9
59.2
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
47.5
43.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
53.0
42.6
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
74.3
13.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
16.0
62.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
60.3
18.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
48.4
46.2
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.5% 5y
2.4% 5y
Population
0.3% 5y
0.0% 5y
Unemployment rate
5.7% 5y
3.0% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€31,169
€36,093
Population density
25 /km²
271 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€10,315M
€11,807M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€341M
€113M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,090M
€3,624M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,600M
€3,420M
GVA — construction (F)
€603M
€690M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,084M
€2,408M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€18,500
€24,400
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
35,400 PPS
37,600 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€31,500
€36,200
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€13,527M
€44,851M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,707M
€10,323M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€32,274M
€61,911M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€1,538M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€167M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,045M
€3,112M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,153M
€1,861M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€10,376M
€12,042M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€74,928
€84,711
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,482M
€3,764M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
162,300
157,600
Self-employed persons
27,100
34,600
Employment in manufacturing (C)
31,700
37,500
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
75.7%
73.5%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
24.7%
19.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
8.5%
6.0%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
175,500
172,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
22,997
26,362
Enterprise births
1,653
1,871
Enterprise deaths
1,534
1,576
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.2%
3.8%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
2.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.3%
3.6%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.1%
1.6%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
42.1%
21.2%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
52.3%
29.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
15.3%
10.0%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
22.8%
16.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.3%
5.0%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
93.9%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
2,093,608
1,638,065
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
601 /1k
723 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
26,257 kt
15,238 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
21
43
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
26 km/1000km²
36 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
6
12
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
128
15
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
4
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
227,458
229,276
Population aged 65+
92,889
92,051
Population aged under 15
42,316
42,813
Median age of population
49.4 yrs
49.6 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
40.8%
40.1%
Crude rate of total population change
8.1 /1k
1.8 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
13.5 /1k
7.2 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.6 /1k
6.1 /1k
Crude death rate
11.0 /1k
11.5 /1k
Live births
2,031
2,212
Deaths
3,974
4,190
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
59.4%
58.8%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.12
1.19
Population density (persons per km²)
25 /km²
279 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
218,752
314,179
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
24.1%
16.9%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.8 yrs
83.7 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
19.8%
14.0%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
343 /100k
353 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
749 /100k
892 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
212 /100k
228 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.4 /100k
0.3 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
42.5 /100k
31.9 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
269 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
206 /100k
963 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
68 /M
40 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
906 m
222 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
29 days/yr
17 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
50 days/yr
57 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
21 days/yr