NUTS-3 DEA23 · Germany
Population
1,024,6212025
GDP
€80,305M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3.9%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
79.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
406.5 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
DEA23 · LU000
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Luxembourg (Opportunity 75). Runner-up: Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt (71). Contrarian pick: Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt — leads the set on Demographic outlook (EU pctl 94).
Strengths
Economic base (99) · Governance (96)
Red flags
Cost advantage (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Luxembourg
Cost advantage (EU bottom 15%); Industrial base (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Cost advantage (EU pctl 0) — Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt · Manufacturing → Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt · Office → Luxembourg · Residential → Luxembourg.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
71.3
75.4
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
37.8
69.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
55.6
59.6
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
39.7
54.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
75.3
61.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
70.3
92.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
35.6
66.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
0.6% 5y
1.3% 5y
Population
1.2% 5y
1.7% 5y
Unemployment rate
4.1% 5y
0.9% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€78,376
€126,369
Population density
2,520 /km²
263 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 88 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€73,351M
€78,467M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€24M
€181M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€10,181M
€4,476M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€8,191M
€3,415M
GVA — construction (F)
€2,011M
€3,849M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€19,697M
€15,282M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€28,000
€41,200
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
70,000 PPS
97,700 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€78,500
€127,000
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€34,670M
€13,250M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€6,008M
€532M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€125,036M
€43,153M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€5,996M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€4,035M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€24,455M
€38,484M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€16,984M
€16,197M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€68,615M
€68,962M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€104,642
€171,441
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€12,259M
€13,406M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
811,610
516,030
Self-employed persons
57,120
30,480
Employment in manufacturing (C)
54,330
32,570
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
78.8%
74.3%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
6.8%
21.6%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.9%
6.5%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
576,500
351,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
52,376
48,813
Enterprise births
5,054
4,370
Enterprise deaths
4,946
3,805
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.3%
4.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
4.0%
1.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
6.3%
5.2%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
2.4%
1.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
38.8%
55.5%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
46.1%
65.0%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.3%
17.4%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
27.8%
45.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
10.5%
13.0%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
—
99.1%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
7,004,898
3,684,469
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
585 /1k
670 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
21,601 kt
14,914 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,952
199
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
288
29
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
—
65 km/1000km²
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
17
23
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
5
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
704,094
471,208
Population aged 65+
184,849
103,889
Population aged under 15
135,678
106,876
Median age of population
41.3 yrs
39.8 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
26.3%
22.0%
Crude rate of total population change
0.2 /1k
14.7 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
1.3 /1k
11.7 /1k
Crude birth rate
9.2 /1k
9.5 /1k
Crude death rate
10.3 /1k
6.6 /1k
Live births
9,418
6,459
Deaths
10,558
4,471
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
45.5%
44.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.17
1.26
Population density (persons per km²)
2,641 /km²
262 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
1,111,561
781,193
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
23.7%
18.2%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
81.3 yrs
83.2 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
17.0%
14.8%
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,020 /100k
860 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
240 /100k
192 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.0 /100k
1.4 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
132 /100k
101 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
806 /100k
634 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
3,462 /100k
2,520 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
27 /M
26 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
1.97
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
1.87
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
1.75
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
1.97
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
1.02
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
€0.143/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
€0.058/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
47 m
285 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
10 days/yr
7 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
38 days/yr
62 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
4 days/yr