Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€182,283M
€98,264M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€5M
€32M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€16,437M
€12,508M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€11,664M
€4,740M
GVA — construction (F)
€6,790M
€5,714M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€45,610M
€34,332M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€26,400
€15,300
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
48,700 PPS
81,400 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€54,700
€55,100
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€39,950M
€25,304M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,462M
€1,739M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€112,242M
€54,507M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€16,453M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€11,914M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€57,889M
€33,600M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€55,553M
€12,078M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€180,082M
€90,845M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€97,679
€89,869
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€40,567M
€23,442M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
2,197,430
1,482,700
Self-employed persons
214,050
266,700
Employment in manufacturing (C)
112,010
103,900
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
77.7%
83.0%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
9.8%
10.4%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
6.5%
2.1%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,996,000
1,046,500
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
48.1%
65.3%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
55.3%
69.6%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.9%
18.6%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
36.1%
45.5%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
14.0%
16.1%
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
334 /1k
685 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
27,572 kt
16,134 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
13,046
4,459
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
354
238
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
86 km/1000km²
—
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
18
9
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
2,466,429
1,228,932
Population aged 65+
707,418
371,451
Population aged under 15
511,418
274,904
Median age of population
41.3 yrs
41.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
28.7%
30.2%
Crude rate of total population change
6.2 /1k
3.3 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
7.3 /1k
4.6 /1k
Crude birth rate
9.2 /1k
7.9 /1k
Crude death rate
10.3 /1k
9.2 /1k
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
49.4%
52.6%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.22
0.98
Population density (persons per km²)
4,343 /km²
3,700 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
4,335,249
1,813,849
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.8 /100k
0.5 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
140 /100k
14.8 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
1,098 /100k
187 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
3,228 /100k
542 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
15 /M
27 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
0.54