Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€160,522M
€94,887M
€63,921M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€246M
€302M
—
GVA — industry (B–E)
€16,917M
€14,949M
—
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€13,898M
€11,478M
€1,571M
GVA — construction (F)
€7,895M
€4,868M
€3,526M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€46,806M
€25,389M
€15,724M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€27,900
€28,900
€28,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
61,100 PPS
51,000 PPS
73,400 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€72,300
€61,300
€101,700
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€39,988M
€26,915M
€27,753M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€3,118M
€3,360M
€831M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€78,030M
€54,689M
€65,746M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€16,672M
€10,083M
€6,676M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€20,522M
€9,876M
€7,027M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€56,546M
€26,974M
€24,581M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€32,110M
€22,406M
€17,127M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€171,168M
€95,396M
€82,689M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€135,749
€111,045
€148,334
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€44,039M
€25,892M
€18,446M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
1,404,710
997,840
496,000
Self-employed persons
70,200
78,690
—
Employment in manufacturing (C)
76,100
81,400
12,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
85.8%
81.1%
81.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
25.5%
22.9%
15.6%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
9.0%
10.6%
4.9%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,468,800
989,400
437,700
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
60.0%
48.1%
56.5%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
65.9%
43.4%
63.5%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
41.5%
30.8%
21.7%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
40.7%
34.6%
37.5%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
16.3%
14.3%
13.8%
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
398 /1k
542 /1k
494 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
46,977 kt
40,744 kt
24,541 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
22
7,876
1,872
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1
442
259
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
48 km/1000km²
35 km/1000km²
12 km/1000km²
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
19
18
31
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
1
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
1,628,867
1,179,539
517,246
Population aged 65+
418,087
327,786
96,968
Population aged under 15
426,353
274,975
110,076
Median age of population
39.4 yrs
40.4 yrs
36.4 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
25.7%
27.8%
18.7%
Crude rate of total population change
7.5 /1k
12.9 /1k
9.1 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.3 /1k
11.5 /1k
2.0 /1k
Crude birth rate
10.4 /1k
9.1 /1k
12.6 /1k
Crude death rate
6.3 /1k
7.8 /1k
5.5 /1k
Live births
25,657
16,163
9,117
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
51.8%
51.1%
40.0%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.41
1.24
1.33
Population density (persons per km²)
378 /km²
195 /km²
—
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
3,424,317
1,899,420
—
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
—
1.5 /100k
0.4 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
49.0 /100k
72.0 /100k
74.0 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
567 /100k
114 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,442 /100k
3,042 /100k
4,135 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
10 /M
16 /M
15 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.91
1.90
1.82
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.62
1.91
1.57
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.74
1.99
1.94
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
2.03
2.19
2.03
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.94
1.09
0.92
Housing market
Dwelling price per m² — old housing-company dwellings (Statistics Finland)
—
€3,826/m²
—
Average sold price, tenant-owned flats (SEK thousands, Statistics Sweden)
4,321 kSEK
—
—
Dwelling price per m² (NOK, all types, Statistics Norway)
—
—
98,381 NOK/m²