NUTS-3 PL823 · Poland
Population
620,1492025
GDP
€10,913M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
73.2%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
3,555.4 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL823 · RO111
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Rzeszowski (Opportunity 46). Runner-up: Bihor (34). Contrarian pick: Bihor — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 96).
Strengths
Cost advantage (94) · Demographic outlook (89)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
#2Bihor
Strengths
Cost advantage (96) · Industrial base (57)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Rzeszowski
Governance (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Air quality (EU pctl 13) — Bihor may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Rzeszowski leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
45.8
34.0
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
22.3
48.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
35.7
20.9
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
13.3
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
55.3
42.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
41.0
13.8
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
63.6
47.2
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
4.7% 5y
3.7% 5y
Population
0.5% 5y
0.1% 5y
Unemployment rate
3.5% 5y
9.2% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€17,598
€14,745
Population density
174 /km²
74 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€9,861M
€7,441M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€93M
€331M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,662M
€1,707M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,251M
€1,394M
GVA — construction (F)
€711M
€614M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,853M
€2,283M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€9,600
€9,100
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
25,700 PPS
24,500 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€17,400
€14,800
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€5,847M
€8,805M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,209M
€1,026M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€11,647M
€16,038M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€616M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€153M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,509M
€1,092M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,032M
€1,414M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€9,552M
€6,143M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€44,535
€32,362
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,631M
€1,900M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
311,600
282,450
Self-employed persons
51,200
56,270
Employment in manufacturing (C)
50,900
66,150
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
69.5%
68.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
21.3%
28.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.6%
5.9%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
278,300
246,900
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
43,710
37,113
Enterprise births
5,167
4,574
Enterprise deaths
5,154
2,492
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.9%
5.9%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.2%
0.3%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.3%
3.3%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.7%
0.2%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
34.2%
18.6%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
42.2%
22.8%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
5.8%
7.5%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
24.7%
15.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
8.1%
7.1%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
97.9%
94.5%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
793,386
1,437,803
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
612 /1k
436 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
18,044 kt
14,161 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,237
636
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
9 km/1000km²
3 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
361
114
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
2
22
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
401,159
362,146
Population aged 65+
115,095
105,140
Population aged under 15
103,895
89,608
Median age of population
41.2 yrs
42.6 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
28.7%
29.0%
Crude rate of total population change
2.7 /1k
1.7 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.5 /1k
5.5 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.6 /1k
8.6 /1k
Crude death rate
9.3 /1k
12.4 /1k
Live births
5,296
4,805
Deaths
5,780
6,912
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.6%
53.8%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.29
1.51
Population density (persons per km²)
175 /km²
74 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
614,982
385,550
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
18.4%
27.5%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
79.5 yrs
76.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
16.5%
15.6%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
691 /100k
753 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,450 /100k
1,857 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
217 /100k
255 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.0 /100k
0.9 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
3.2 /100k
11.0 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
30.6 /100k
76.8 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
100 /100k
152 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
53 /M
65 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.39
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.44
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.07
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.55
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.155/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.051/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
212 m
317 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
14 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
85 days/yr
69 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
4 days/yr