NUTS-3 PL721 · Poland
Population
684,7872025
GDP
€10,879M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
4.3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
77%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
5,033.8 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL721 · PL22B
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Sosnowiecki (Opportunity 51). Runner-up: Kielecki (45). Contrarian pick: Kielecki — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 91).
Strengths
Freight intensity (85) · Cost advantage (82)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
#2Kielecki
Strengths
Cost advantage (91) · Freight intensity (87)
Red flags
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Sosnowiecki
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Air quality (EU pctl 14) — Kielecki may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Sosnowiecki leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
44.6
51.0
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
23.0
16.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
29.3
39.9
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
12.7
13.5
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
24.3
58.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
32.5
56.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
53.0
57.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.0% 5y
2.5% 5y
Population
1.8% 5y
1.4% 5y
Unemployment rate
0.5% 5y
3.5% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€15,887
€18,027
Population density
136 /km²
347 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€9,830M
€10,167M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€253M
€94M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,525M
€3,355M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,915M
€2,188M
GVA — construction (F)
€863M
€827M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,672M
€2,817M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€10,700
€12,700
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
22,800 PPS
25,700 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€15,500
€17,400
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€2,787M
€14,344M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€630M
€4,197M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€6,275M
€36,613M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,344M
€1,527M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,173M
€1,548M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€9,452M
€9,452M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€42,992
€53,097
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,084M
€2,125M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
320,200
255,700
Self-employed persons
57,400
34,100
Employment in manufacturing (C)
66,400
60,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
74.4%
73.1%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
16.2%
9.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.3%
2.6%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
319,900
287,000
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
46,927
38,328
Enterprise births
4,808
3,992
Enterprise deaths
6,080
4,956
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.4%
5.4%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.6%
1.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
1.0%
5.2%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.3%
0.8%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
37.0%
38.4%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
37.5%
43.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
3.9%
6.3%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
23.8%
28.5%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.4%
10.8%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
91.5%
96.1%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
968,367
491,399
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
602 /1k
602 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
34,692 kt
30,320 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1,419
2,223
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
0 km/1000km²
21 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
207
356
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
123
18
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
428,948
389,532
Population aged 65+
164,253
157,424
Population aged under 15
91,586
77,221
Median age of population
45.8 yrs
47.0 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
38.3%
40.4%
Crude rate of total population change
-8.6 /1k
-9.3 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-1.9 /1k
-0.7 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.9 /1k
5.1 /1k
Crude death rate
12.5 /1k
13.7 /1k
Live births
4,041
3,178
Deaths
8,629
8,619
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
59.6%
60.2%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.07
0.98
Population density (persons per km²)
137 /km²
352 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
437,916
347,823
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
19.6%
10.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.2 yrs
78.0 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
17.9%
7.8%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
878 /100k
611 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,524 /100k
1,544 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
263 /100k
295 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
0.9 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
6.8 /100k
15.2 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
128 /100k
188 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
137 /100k
252 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
59 /M
30 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
407 m
328 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
4 days/yr
6 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
101 days/yr
94 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
4 days/yr