NUTS-3 ITF33 · Italy
Population
2,963,6332025
GDP
€72,904M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
13.9%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
50.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
1,170.7 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ITF33 · RO321
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Bucureşti (Opportunity 65). Runner-up: Napoli (54). Contrarian pick: Napoli — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 73).
Strengths
Economic base (99) · Talent & skills (86)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
#2Napoli
Strengths
Cost advantage (73) · Demographic outlook (59)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Bucureşti
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%); Industrial base (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 2) — Napoli may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Bucureşti leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
54.1
64.6
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
33.5
17.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
20.8
43.3
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
2.7
4.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
56.0
57.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
11.3
85.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
51.6
72.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.8% 5y
5.5% 5y
Population
0.5% 5y
1.4% 5y
Unemployment rate
8.1% 5y
17.5% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€24,600
€54,998
Population density
2,531 /km²
7,145 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€65,493M
€85,182M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€699M
€257M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€8,631M
€7,892M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€6,891M
€4,297M
GVA — construction (F)
€4,501M
€7,585M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€19,509M
€29,682M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€16,200
€17,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
25,400 PPS
90,900 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€24,500
€54,800
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€28,842M
€34,028M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€3,238M
€1,152M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€50,450M
€37,853M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€7,537M
€4,455M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€2,598M
€12,849M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€16,738M
€26,352M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€15,417M
€13,414M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€67,514M
€72,019M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€71,953
€92,511
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€16,051M
€34,927M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
1,037,900
1,131,170
Self-employed persons
240,200
32,700
Employment in manufacturing (C)
110,200
61,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
54.4%
76.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
40.1%
15.7%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
13.9%
1.8%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,095,500
851,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
197,640
171,204
Enterprise births
19,468
26,265
Enterprise deaths
10,888
13,465
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.5%
5.3%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.2%
0.8%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.4%
9.4%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.1%
1.5%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
18.7%
40.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
27.1%
47.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
8.6%
20.5%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
16.8%
31.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
3.8%
13.0%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
90.9%
96.7%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
15,749,028
4,147,853
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
667 /1k
671 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
19,805 kt
11,912 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
5,835
2,287
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
37 km/1000km²
72 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
197
134
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
18
7
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
1,947,248
1,115,857
Population aged 65+
606,732
335,013
Population aged under 15
409,653
258,321
Median age of population
45.1 yrs
42.8 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.2%
30.0%
Crude rate of total population change
-2.5 /1k
-7.3 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-0.5 /1k
-3.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.7 /1k
8.3 /1k
Crude death rate
9.7 /1k
12.3 /1k
Live births
22,934
14,154
Deaths
28,670
21,051
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
52.2%
53.2%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.30
1.23
Population density (persons per km²)
2,528 /km²
7,426 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
2,299,616
959,208
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
41.2%
13.6%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
82.0 yrs
77.8 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
35.6%
2.7%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
257 /100k
1,057 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,058 /100k
1,823 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
238 /100k
328 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.1 /100k
0.8 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
92.4 /100k
44.5 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
—
238 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,947 /100k
751 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
47 /M
49 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
0.20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
0.39
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.44
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.07
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.55
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
€0.155/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.051/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
216 m
84 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
21 days/yr
38 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
6 days/yr
71 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
16 days/yr
5 days/yr