NUTS-3 FRE12 · France
Population
1,451,9762025
GDP
€42,747M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
9%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
71.8%2025
Active firms
221,7382026
Cadastral parcels
1,491,9092026
Area
6,710.2 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
FRE12 · NL221
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Veluwe (Opportunity 81). Runner-up: Pas-de-Calais (62). Contrarian pick: Pas-de-Calais — leads the set on Energy cost (EU pctl 88).
Why you might not pick Veluwe
Its weakest dimension is Industrial base (EU pctl 27) — Pas-de-Calais may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Veluwe leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
61.9
81.4
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
56.0
83.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
43.5
66.9
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
59.3
64.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
61.0
54.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
73.3
89.8
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
42.0
69.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.9% 5y
2.4% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
0.9% 5y
Unemployment rate
0.2% 5y
0.6% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€29,441
€56,245
Population density
216 /km²
390 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
1,028
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
153
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€38,131M
€36,691M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€887M
€700M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€6,650M
€4,533M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€5,240M
€4,295M
GVA — construction (F)
€2,738M
€2,677M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€6,813M
€7,801M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€21,200
€26,500
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
27,000 PPS
48,400 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€29,300
€56,400
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€28,402M
€23,257M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€3,256M
€2,035M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€76,179M
€50,437M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€5,558M
€2,960M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€406M
€1,064M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€9,479M
€9,291M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€11,565M
€8,808M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€38,279M
€33,821M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€82,605
€103,215
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€9,038M
€9,045M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
527,400
414,200
Self-employed persons
50,100
69,000
Employment in manufacturing (C)
57,200
34,700
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
73.2%
86.2%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
21.4%
7.6%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
9.0%
3.4%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
647,800
408,500
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
70,001
85,872
Enterprise births
9,305
7,279
Enterprise deaths
7,413
3,919
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.9%
6.2%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.9%
—
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.9%
4.7%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.7%
—
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
41.0%
44.1%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
53.6%
53.8%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
14.9%
25.7%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
28.2%
30.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
8.6%
12.8%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
92.8%
99.2%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
4,185,081
7,814,696
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
—
523 /1k
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
9,207
1,654
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
42,538 kt
20,902 kt
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
50 km/1000km²
81 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
634
228
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
62
70
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
4
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
886,378
452,711
Population aged 65+
309,532
154,843
Population aged under 15
256,066
119,337
Median age of population
42.5 yrs
42.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.9%
34.2%
Crude rate of total population change
-2.0 /1k
6.1 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-1.3 /1k
5.8 /1k
Crude birth rate
9.6 /1k
9.8 /1k
Crude death rate
10.4 /1k
9.6 /1k
Live births
13,903
7,125
Deaths
15,055
6,943
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
63.8%
60.6%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.72
1.64
Population density (persons per km²)
218 /km²
395 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
1,312,662
738,891
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
26.9%
14.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
81.3 yrs
81.9 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
21.9%
12.1%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
558 /100k
—
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,007 /100k
1,014 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
260 /100k
249 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
—
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
44.9 /100k
14.4 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
342 /100k
173 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,292 /100k
901 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
29 /M
50 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.46
1.77
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.27
1.72
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.02
1.73
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.39
1.92
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.02
0.63
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.107/kWh
€0.142/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.053/kWh
€0.039/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
142 m
40 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
3 days/yr
6 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
34 days/yr
37 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
3 days/yr