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FRB06 · FRB04

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NUTS-3 FRB06 · France
Population
694,9302025
GDP
€26,874M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
6.1%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
77.9%2025
Active firms
127,8302026
Cadastral parcels
844,7002026
Area
6,820.8 km²
NUTS-3 FRB04 · France
Population
622,6942025
GDP
€24,000M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
6.1%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
77.9%2025
Active firms
130,6962026
Cadastral parcels
921,5112026
Area
6,164.1 km²

Decision brief

Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity

Best overall fit: Loiret (Opportunity 66). Runner-up: Indre-et-Loire (59). Contrarian pick: Indre-et-Loire — leads the set on Air quality (EU pctl 71).

Strengths
Energy cost (88) · Demographic outlook (76)
Red flags
Long-run slide: down 17 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute)
Strengths
Energy cost (88) · Talent & skills (73)
No red flags
Why you might not pick Loiret
Long-run slide: down 17 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute). Its weakest dimension is Digital readiness (EU pctl 35) — Indre-et-Loire may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Loiret leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
  • Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
  • Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
  • Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
  • Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics

This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.

Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores

Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
66.4
59.2
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
61.5
55.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
52.1
52.5
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
69.3
70.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
46.3
28.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
73.0
73.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
54.6
64.4

Trajectories · 2012–latest

Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.6% 5y
3.0% 5y
Population
0.4% 5y
0.3% 5y
Unemployment rate
7.3% 5y
7.3% 5y

Derived comparisons

GDP per capita
€38,671
€38,543
Population density
102 /km²
101 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
1,216
1,480
Firms per 1k pop
184
210

All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)

Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€24,008M
€21,421M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€307M
€337M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€4,894M
€3,823M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,807M
€1,990M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,484M
€1,379M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€4,441M
€4,129M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€23,500
€23,500
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
35,800 PPS
35,700 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€38,900
€38,800
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€20,283M
€20,283M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,604M
€2,604M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€46,136M
€46,136M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€3,507M
€3,090M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€548M
€645M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€6,896M
€6,272M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€5,986M
€5,480M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€23,827M
€21,279M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€92,906
€89,860
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€6,056M
€5,409M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
294,800
272,200
Self-employed persons
26,300
29,400
Employment in manufacturing (C)
34,700
23,100
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
76.3%
76.3%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
18.0%
18.0%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
6.1%
6.1%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
322,800
289,900
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
40,649
42,099
Enterprise births
5,601
5,616
Enterprise deaths
4,391
4,394
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.3%
6.2%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
1.4%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
4.4%
4.4%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.0%
1.0%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
41.4%
41.4%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
51.6%
51.6%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
16.2%
16.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
26.6%
26.6%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
9.0%
9.0%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
94.3%
94.3%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,794,749
3,043,497
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
631 /1k
631 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
20,794 kt
12,136 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,747
2,483
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
25 km/1000km²
25 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
395
399
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
90
208
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
420,315
377,505
Population aged 65+
151,896
146,668
Population aged under 15
122,719
98,521
Median age of population
42.5 yrs
43.6 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
36.1%
38.9%
Crude rate of total population change
2.5 /1k
2.5 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.2 /1k
3.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
10.0 /1k
8.7 /1k
Crude death rate
9.7 /1k
9.5 /1k
Live births
6,960
5,423
Deaths
6,716
5,881
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
65.3%
64.9%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.77
1.49
Population density (persons per km²)
103 /km²
102 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
704,539
607,389
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
15.1%
15.1%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
82.6 yrs
82.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
11.0%
11.0%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
555 /100k
555 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
862 /100k
862 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
228 /100k
228 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.7 /100k
0.5 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
51.8 /100k
53.0 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
407 /100k
560 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,350 /100k
1,869 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
66 /M
66 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.46
1.46
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.27
1.27
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.02
1.02
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.39
1.39
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.02
0.02
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.107/kWh
€0.107/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.053/kWh
€0.053/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
143 m
98 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
12 days/yr
14 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
29 days/yr
23 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
2 days/yr