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ES618 · ES617

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NUTS-3 ES618 · Spain
Population
1,977,6642025
GDP
€48,847M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
15.2%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
65.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
Area
14,025.7 km²
NUTS-3 ES617 · Spain
Population
1,791,1832025
GDP
€41,235M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
15.2%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
65.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
Area
7,317.2 km²

Decision brief

Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity

Best overall fit: Málaga (Opportunity 61). Runner-up: Sevilla (58).

Strengths
Energy cost (95) · Growth momentum (86)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Energy cost (95) · Cost advantage (78)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Málaga
Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Industrial base (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Industrial base (EU pctl 3) — Sevilla may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: LogisticsSevilla · ManufacturingSevilla · OfficeMálaga · ResidentialMálaga.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
  • Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
  • Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
  • Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
  • Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics

This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.

Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores

Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
58.2
60.9
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
45.3
37.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
38.0
37.1
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
22.7
24.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
40.3
49.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
46.8
46.8
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
67.8
85.6

Trajectories · 2012–latest

Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.7% 5y
5.9% 5y
Population
0.3% 5y
1.2% 5y
Unemployment rate
7.6% 5y
6.1% 5y

Derived comparisons

GDP per capita
€24,699
€23,021
Population density
141 /km²
245 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only

All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)

Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€44,336M
€37,628M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€2,047M
€1,133M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€6,563M
€2,287M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€4,212M
€1,323M
GVA — construction (F)
€2,551M
€3,233M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€11,174M
€11,214M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€14,700
€14,700
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
27,900 PPS
26,200 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€24,900
€23,400
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€38,703M
€38,703M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,996M
€2,996M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€98,864M
€98,864M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€10,839M
€10,924M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€11,163M
€8,838M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€44,934M
€37,932M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€67,947
€62,349
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€10,754M
€9,078M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
770,800
709,100
Self-employed persons
112,200
126,500
Employment in manufacturing (C)
61,600
26,200
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
71.4%
71.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
32.7%
32.7%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
15.2%
15.2%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
964,100
870,900
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
129,432
150,217
Enterprise births
12,145
17,619
Enterprise deaths
10,343
13,087
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.6%
4.8%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.1%
1.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.0%
3.0%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.8%
0.8%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
36.7%
36.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
45.4%
45.4%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
13.7%
13.7%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
21.4%
21.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
5.7%
5.7%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.5%
96.5%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
10,247,326
30,456,704
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
535 /1k
535 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
59,539 kt
33,839 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
41
1,150
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
31 km/1000km²
31 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
2
64
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
24
14
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
1,335,638
1,206,590
Population aged 65+
363,661
339,636
Population aged under 15
278,365
244,957
Median age of population
44.5 yrs
44.7 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
27.2%
28.1%
Crude rate of total population change
4.6 /1k
9.2 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
5.8 /1k
10.4 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.1 /1k
6.6 /1k
Crude death rate
8.3 /1k
7.7 /1k
Live births
14,103
11,719
Deaths
16,453
13,785
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
48.1%
48.5%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.20
1.07
Population density (persons per km²)
142 /km²
245 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
1,635,001
1,797,664
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
34.7%
34.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
82.9 yrs
82.9 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
27.7%
27.7%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
217 /100k
217 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
972 /100k
972 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
217 /100k
217 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
1.3 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
129 /100k
105 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
308 /100k
290 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
305 /100k
564 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
41 /M
41 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
1.14
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.84
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.96
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.78
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.16
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.106/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
120 m
313 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
126 days/yr
52 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
1 days/yr
0 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
4 days/yr