NUTS-3 ES411 · Spain
Population
160,7382025
GDP
€3,727M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
8.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
74.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
8,056.1 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ES411 · EL531
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Ávila (Opportunity 42). Runner-up: Γρεβενά, Κοζάνη (21). Contrarian pick: Γρεβενά, Κοζάνη — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 81).
Strengths
Cost advantage (81) · Energy cost (58)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Connectivity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Ávila
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Demographic outlook (EU pctl 5) — Γρεβενά, Κοζάνη may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Ávila leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
41.8
21.3
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
46.0
25.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
54.6
33.6
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
68.5
39.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
24.7
7.5
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
60.3
27.8
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
50.4
34.4
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.3% 5y
1.2% 5y
Population
0.2% 5y
1.3% 5y
Unemployment rate
10.3% 5y
4.8% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€23,185
€16,197
Population density
20 /km²
27 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€3,401M
€2,216M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€132M
€202M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€371M
€705M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€296M
€111M
GVA — construction (F)
€256M
€90M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€773M
€327M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€18,500
€13,200
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
26,100 PPS
18,900 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€23,300
€15,300
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€13,527M
€1,167M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,707M
€49M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€32,274M
€1,399M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€264M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€21M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€779M
€394M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,090M
€499M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€3,421M
€2,172M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€65,934
€39,865
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€818M
€866M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
60,800
67,350
Self-employed persons
13,600
27,060
Employment in manufacturing (C)
4,300
4,190
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
75.7%
66.6%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
24.7%
31.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
8.5%
15.4%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
76,300
70,800
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
10,287
12,255
Enterprise births
729
964
Enterprise deaths
732
571
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.5%
4.7%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
1.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.3%
1.7%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.1%
1.4%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
42.1%
28.3%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
52.3%
47.0%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
15.3%
4.0%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
22.8%
18.6%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.3%
5.9%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
—
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,347,182
154,355
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
601 /1k
429 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
4,900 kt
4,563 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
32
—
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
26 km/1000km²
23 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
20
—
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
108
117
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
98,907
96,239
Population aged 65+
43,697
42,424
Population aged under 15
18,134
18,165
Median age of population
50.7 yrs
50.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
44.2%
44.1%
Crude rate of total population change
1.7 /1k
-11.9 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
9.1 /1k
-3.4 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.3 /1k
5.3 /1k
Crude death rate
12.7 /1k
13.8 /1k
Live births
854
834
Deaths
2,046
2,170
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
62.5%
63.0%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.10
1.17
Population density (persons per km²)
20 /km²
28 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
83,835
100,155
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
24.1%
29.5%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.8 yrs
82.3 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
19.8%
21.7%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
343 /100k
458 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
749 /100k
1,061 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
212 /100k
234 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
0.0 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
29.3 /100k
1.3 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
343 /100k
18.3 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
143 /100k
72.5 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
68 /M
56 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
0.56
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.42
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.49
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.32
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.24
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.143/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.039/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
1,102 m
1,086 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
30 days/yr
15 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
53 days/yr
72 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
7 days/yr