NUTS-3 ES120 · Spain
Population
1,015,1282025
GDP
€28,350M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
8.8%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
72%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
10,613 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ES120 · ITI21
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Perugia (Opportunity 54). Runner-up: Asturias (54). Contrarian pick: Asturias — leads the set on Energy cost (EU pctl 95).
#1Perugia
Strengths
Demographic outlook (69) · Cost advantage (63)
Red flags
Long-run slide: down 28 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute)
#2Asturias
Strengths
Energy cost (95) · Freight intensity (72)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Perugia
Long-run slide: down 28 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 20) — Asturias may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Perugia · Manufacturing → Asturias · Office → Asturias · Residential → Perugia.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
53.8
54.2
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
37.8
45.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
47.3
42.3
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
39.3
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
37.0
55.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
67.8
28.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
59.8
47.4
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.5% 5y
3.1% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
0.3% 5y
Unemployment rate
9.0% 5y
12.1% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€27,928
€32,310
Population density
96 /km²
100 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€25,837M
€18,466M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€389M
€417M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€5,576M
€4,027M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,782M
€3,611M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,708M
€1,235M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€6,101M
€4,252M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€19,500
€21,900
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
31,600 PPS
33,400 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€28,100
€32,200
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€5,061M
€6,687M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,031M
€1,149M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€13,729M
€10,415M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€2,163M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€304M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€6,373M
€4,762M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€5,689M
€3,775M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€25,425M
€18,748M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€74,485
€71,803
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€5,740M
€5,196M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
406,900
289,500
Self-employed persons
68,300
73,200
Employment in manufacturing (C)
46,900
48,700
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
73.8%
72.5%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
27.9%
18.7%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
8.8%
4.5%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
475,100
297,200
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
68,999
52,280
Enterprise births
5,127
3,726
Enterprise deaths
5,046
2,891
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.7%
3.8%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.0%
0.9%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.5%
2.4%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.1%
0.9%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
46.6%
25.0%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
55.0%
33.9%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
15.4%
13.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
25.7%
18.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.8%
4.4%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
95.0%
93.2%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
6,689,670
6,827,380
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
546 /1k
774 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
39,693 kt
18,782 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
202
181
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
43 km/1000km²
12 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
20
29
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
36
9
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
627,732
393,337
Population aged 65+
287,903
170,641
Population aged under 15
99,493
72,210
Median age of population
51.6 yrs
50.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
45.9%
43.4%
Crude rate of total population change
5.5 /1k
-1.6 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
13.9 /1k
4.7 /1k
Crude birth rate
4.5 /1k
5.7 /1k
Crude death rate
12.9 /1k
12.0 /1k
Live births
4,535
3,606
Deaths
13,109
7,618
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
61.7%
61.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
0.94
1.11
Population density (persons per km²)
96 /km²
103 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
576,453
545,627
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
22.4%
13.5%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
83.4 yrs
84.1 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
17.2%
11.3%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
355 /100k
306 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
848 /100k
839 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
224 /100k
208 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.7 /100k
0.5 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
34.1 /100k
25.8 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
164 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
174 /100k
929 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
43 /M
73 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
503 m
309 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
2 days/yr
50 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
22 days/yr
30 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
14 days/yr
9 days/yr