Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€79,047M
€85,182M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€320M
€257M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€8,577M
€7,892M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€4,860M
€4,297M
GVA — construction (F)
€3,949M
€7,585M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€27,965M
€29,682M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€21,000
€17,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
76,600 PPS
90,900 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€62,400
€54,800
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€25,903M
€34,028M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,009M
€1,152M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€35,907M
€37,853M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€8,635M
€4,455M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€13,152M
€12,849M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€26,419M
€26,352M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€11,817M
€13,414M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€66,058M
€72,019M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€88,842
€92,511
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€27,887M
€34,927M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
1,042,060
1,131,170
Self-employed persons
224,820
32,700
Employment in manufacturing (C)
64,630
61,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
80.5%
76.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
8.0%
15.7%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
1.8%
1.8%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
735,700
851,100
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
54.8%
40.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
61.5%
47.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
20.4%
20.5%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
41.4%
31.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
17.0%
13.0%
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
761 /1k
671 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
26,488 kt
11,912 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1,448
2,287
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
82 km/1000km²
72 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
104
134
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
15
7
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
925,154
1,115,857
Population aged 65+
257,441
335,013
Population aged under 15
215,285
258,321
Median age of population
41.9 yrs
42.8 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
27.8%
30.0%
Crude rate of total population change
9.5 /1k
-7.3 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
9.2 /1k
-3.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.7 /1k
8.3 /1k
Crude death rate
8.5 /1k
12.3 /1k
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
51.1%
53.2%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.26
1.23
Population density (persons per km²)
2,869 /km²
7,426 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
1,576,574
959,208
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.7 /100k
0.8 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
13.1 /100k
44.5 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
608 /100k
238 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
669 /100k
751 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
18 /M
49 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.20
0.20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.33
0.39
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
0.44
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.80
0.07
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
1.00
0.55