NUTS-3 BG423 · Bulgaria
Population
223,4942025
GDP
€2,033M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3.2%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
73%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
4,448.1 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
BG423 · EL543
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Ιωάννινα (Opportunity 29). Runner-up: Пазарджик (24). Contrarian pick: Пазарджик — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 99).
#1Ιωάννινα
Strengths
Cost advantage (83) · Growth momentum (66)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Connectivity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Cost advantage (99) · Industrial base (77)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Ιωάννινα
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Connectivity (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Air quality (EU pctl 0) — Пазарджик may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Ιωάννινα · Manufacturing → Пазарджик · Office → Ιωάννινα · Residential → Пазарджик.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
24.0
28.7
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
23.0
40.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
21.8
36.1
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
—
0.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
20.3
13.5
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
29.8
30.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
52.2
65.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.8% 5y
3.6% 5y
Population
0.8% 5y
0.9% 5y
Unemployment rate
1.2% 5y
11.3% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€9,095
€13,864
Population density
50 /km²
34 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€1,773M
€2,043M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€116M
€63M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€526M
€324M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€441M
€216M
GVA — construction (F)
€55M
€78M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€372M
€432M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€6,700
€12,400
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
14,700 PPS
17,500 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€9,100
€14,200
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€2,738M
€1,087M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€682M
€83M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€5,794M
€1,682M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€208M
€299M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€14M
€33M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€276M
€495M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€429M
€651M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€1,713M
€2,159M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€25,501
€36,220
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€525M
€663M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
96,380
70,600
Self-employed persons
26,230
19,480
Employment in manufacturing (C)
23,170
5,770
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
69.9%
69.9%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
14.6%
26.1%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.2%
9.8%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
98,800
76,300
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
10,031
13,016
Enterprise births
950
1,070
Enterprise deaths
1,383
595
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.8%
4.3%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.4%
1.8%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.2%
1.2%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.5%
1.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
29.3%
35.4%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
36.6%
47.0%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
6.8%
3.9%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
21.0%
19.2%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.5%
6.5%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
92.3%
—
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,100,960
1,026,381
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
457 /1k
418 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
4,057 kt
3,696 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1
—
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
9 km/1000km²
20 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
0
—
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
59
83
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
136,320
104,934
Population aged 65+
55,455
42,852
Population aged under 15
31,719
21,098
Median age of population
48.5 yrs
46.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
40.7%
40.8%
Crude rate of total population change
-7.9 /1k
24.9 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
0.6 /1k
30.4 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.7 /1k
5.5 /1k
Crude death rate
17.1 /1k
11.0 /1k
Live births
1,943
911
Deaths
3,846
1,832
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
63.9%
60.9%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
2.01
1.09
Population density (persons per km²)
51 /km²
34 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
137,527
124,039
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
34.4%
25.3%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
76.1 yrs
83.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
25.6%
22.0%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
924 /100k
472 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
2,023 /100k
869 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
240 /100k
201 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.4 /100k
0.6 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
12.4 /100k
1.8 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
16.0 /100k
12.8 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
243 /100k
83.8 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
80 /M
60 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
-0.07
0.56
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.25
0.42
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
-0.10
0.49
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
-0.14
0.32
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.33
0.24
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.135/kWh
€0.143/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.041/kWh
€0.039/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
327 m
838 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
29 days/yr
20 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
57 days/yr
48 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
8 days/yr
24 days/yr