NUTS-3 FRK25 · France
Loire
Export region data (CSV)Loire generates €26bn of GDP across 776.3k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 57.9/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and livability. Its economy has grown +3.1%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 3.3pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (95th EU percentile) and weakest for jobs (31.5th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
57.9
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth38.4
Livability59.1
Market access48
Economic scale86
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
66.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability86
Labour stability84
Diversification41
Demographic stability56
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
55.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density83
Airport access35
Market access48
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
89.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary95
Lifelong learning81
Knowledge workers95
Scientists & engineers88
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
48.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.58.5 µg/m³
PM1013.4 µg/m³
NO215.2 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
59.1
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy45.5
Jobs31.5
Education89.5
Health95
Safety34.7
Connectivity67
Environment50.3
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
38.4
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.1%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+2.5%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.6 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.6 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.2%
CAGR
Employment rate
+3.3 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-0.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 30.2%Diversified · HHI 2306
Agriculture 1.1%Industry 19.5%Construction 7.1%Trade · transport · ICT 14.8%Finance · real estate · prof. 30.2%Public · health · education 27.3%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 69 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€23,119M
2024 · EU pctl 86
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€259M
2024 · EU pctl 68
GVA — industry (B–E)
€4,501M
2024 · EU pctl 85
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€4,101M
2024 · EU pctl 88
GVA — construction (F)
€1,652M
2024 · EU pctl 91
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,418M
2024 · EU pctl 78
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€24,600
2023 · EU pctl 50 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
30,700 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 41
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€33,300
2024 · EU pctl 45
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€66,409M
2024 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€8,444M
2024 · EU pctl 91 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€150,675M
2024 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€4,096M
2024 · EU pctl 90
GVA — information & communication (J)
€337M
2024 · EU pctl 67
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€6,982M
2024 · EU pctl 90
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€6,306M
2024 · EU pctl 90
Labour market
Employment, total persons
302,900
2024 · EU pctl 86
Self-employed persons
35,900
2024 · EU pctl 77
Employment in manufacturing (C)
45,500
2024 · EU pctl 85
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
77.4%
2025 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
16.9%
2025 · EU pctl 60 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
54,236
2023 · EU pctl 87
Enterprise births
7,013
2023 · EU pctl 91
Enterprise deaths
5,575
2023 · EU pctl 90
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.5%
2023 · EU pctl 95
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
3.0%
2023 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
5.6%
2025 · EU pctl 73 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
49.4%
2025 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
60.1%
2025 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
17.4%
2025 · EU pctl 81 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
34.0%
2025 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
11.9%
2025 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
95.6%
2025 · EU pctl 51 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
931,307
2025 · EU pctl 51
Mobility
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
6,135
CURRENT · EU pctl 98
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
790
CURRENT · EU pctl 83
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
68
CURRENT · EU pctl 65
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
460,155
2025 · EU pctl 89
Population aged 65+
184,198
2025 · EU pctl 92
Population aged under 15
131,976
2025 · EU pctl 93
Median age of population
43.7 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 24
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
40.0%
2025 · EU pctl 68
Crude rate of total population change
1.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 53
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 28
Crude birth rate
9.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 90
Crude death rate
10.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 28
Live births
7,304
2024 · EU pctl 93
Deaths
8,082
2024 · EU pctl 91
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
68.7%
2025 · EU pctl 88
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.71
2024 · EU pctl 95
Population density (persons per km²)
163 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 58
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
18.0%
2025 · EU pctl 37 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
84.2 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
512 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 55 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
771 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
204 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.8 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 56
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
90.3 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 92
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
611 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 95
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,739 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 86
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
47 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 54 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
363 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 68
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
28 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 83
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
49 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 40
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 64
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
13
2024 · EU pctl 34
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 68
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
51
2024 · EU pctl 33
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other France regions