NUTS-3 FRE11 · France
Nord
Nord generates €94bn of GDP across 2.6m residents. Its Opportunity Index of 64.7/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by economic scale and market access. Its economy has grown +3.3%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 6.1pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (48.5th EU percentile) and weakest for jobs (13th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Mid-field stable53 → 54 EU percentile since 1995 (+1 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Energy cost88
Connectivity77
Talent & skills73
Demographic outlook71
Cost advantage65
Resilience54
Economic base49
Air quality43
Growth momentum42
Freight intensity41
Quality of life39
Governance38
Industrial base27
Digital readiness20
Labour market15
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
64.7
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth41.6
Livability39
Market access80
Economic scale98
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
53.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability94
Labour stability37
Diversification36
Demographic stability48
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
76.7
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density51
Airport access99
Market access80
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
73.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary89
Lifelong learning74
Knowledge workers80
Scientists & engineers50
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
43.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.59.7 µg/m³
PM1015 µg/m³
NO211.9 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
39
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy42
Jobs13
Education47.5
Health48.5
Safety42.7
Connectivity35.5
Environment44
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
41.6
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.3%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+2.6%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.7 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.4 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+6.1 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-0.1 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Public · health · education · 29.9%Diversified · HHI 2335
Agriculture 0.9%Industry 15.6%Construction 5.7%Trade · transport · ICT 21.1%Finance · real estate · prof. 26.9%Public · health · education 29.9%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€93,776M2024
2.7% 1y 3.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 98
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€83,973M2025
0.8% 1y 1.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 98
Population
2,613,7812025
0.0% 1y 0.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
Unemployment rate
9.0%2025
5.3% 1y 0.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 90
Employment
1,132,0002024
0.8% 1y 1.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
Productivity / employee
€84,4272025
1.9% 1y 3.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 51
Gross value added
€83,691M2024
2.1% 1y 3.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 98
All indicators · 88 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€83,691M
2024 · EU pctl 98
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€755M
2024 · EU pctl 94
GVA — industry (B–E)
€13,052M
2024 · EU pctl 97
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€9,798M
2024 · EU pctl 97
GVA — construction (F)
€4,767M
2024 · EU pctl 99
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€17,635M
2024 · EU pctl 97
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€21,200
2023 · EU pctl 35 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
32,900 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 49
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€35,800
2024 · EU pctl 52
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€28,402M
2024 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€3,256M
2024 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€76,179M
2024 · EU pctl 85 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€8,670M
2024 · EU pctl 97
GVA — information & communication (J)
€3,610M
2024 · EU pctl 93
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€22,474M
2024 · EU pctl 97
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€25,009M
2024 · EU pctl 99
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€83,973M
2025 · EU pctl 98
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€84,427
2025 · EU pctl 51
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€19,827M
2025 · EU pctl 98
Labour market
Employment, total persons
1,132,000
2024 · EU pctl 99
Self-employed persons
95,800
2024 · EU pctl 96
Employment in manufacturing (C)
107,000
2024 · EU pctl 98
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
73.2%
2025 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
21.4%
2025 · EU pctl 77 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
9.0%
2025 · EU pctl 90
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,209,300
2025 · EU pctl 99
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
150,692
2023 · EU pctl 98
Enterprise births
22,431
2023 · EU pctl 98
Enterprise deaths
17,038
2023 · EU pctl 98
3-year enterprise survival rate
7.0%
2023 · EU pctl 98
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.9%
2023 · EU pctl 21 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
2.9%
2025 · EU pctl 18 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.7%
2023 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
41.0%
2025 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
53.6%
2025 · EU pctl 89 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
14.9%
2025 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
28.2%
2025 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
8.6%
2025 · EU pctl 50 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
92.8%
2025 · EU pctl 20 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
5,158,184
2025 · EU pctl 87
Mobility
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
65,213 kt
2025 · EU pctl 99
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
10,672
CURRENT · EU pctl 99
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
408
CURRENT · EU pctl 51
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
50 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 87 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
4
CURRENT · EU pctl 1
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 75
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
1,654,671
2025 · EU pctl 99
Population aged 65+
499,153
2025 · EU pctl 99
Population aged under 15
459,957
2025 · EU pctl 100
Median age of population
39.9 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 4
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
30.2%
2025 · EU pctl 14
Crude rate of total population change
-0.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 41
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-1.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 6
Crude birth rate
10.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 97
Crude death rate
8.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 11
Live births
26,558
2024 · EU pctl 100
Deaths
23,129
2024 · EU pctl 99
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
58.0%
2025 · EU pctl 41
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.59
2024 · EU pctl 87
Population density (persons per km²)
456 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 82
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
2,628,268
2100 · EU pctl 99
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
558 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 67 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,007 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
260 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.9 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 64
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
90.8 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 92
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
462 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 86
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,083 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 92
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
29 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 16 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.46
2022 · EU pctl 44
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.27
2022 · EU pctl 39
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.02
2022 · EU pctl 37
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.39
2022 · EU pctl 43
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.02
2022 · EU pctl 0
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.107/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 12
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.053/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 44
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
47 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 14
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
5 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 32
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
31 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 22
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 3
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 53
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
12
2024 · EU pctl 46
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
53
2024 · EU pctl 43
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
315 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 98
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
3.8%
2021 · EU pctl 58
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other France regions