NUTS-3 RO321 · Romania
Population
1,709,1912025
GDP
€94,003M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
1.8%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
81.1%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
239.2 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO321 · PL911
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Miasto Warszawa (Opportunity 73). Runner-up: Bucureşti (65). Contrarian pick: Bucureşti — leads the set on Economic base (EU pctl 99).
Strengths
Labour market (100) · Economic base (98)
Red flags
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Economic base (99) · Talent & skills (86)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Miasto Warszawa
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%); Industrial base (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Industrial base (EU pctl 5) — Bucureşti may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Miasto Warszawa leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
64.6
73.0
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
17.0
40.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
43.3
58.8
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
4.3
9.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
57.3
60.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
85.5
95.8
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
72.0
84.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
5.5% 5y
4.5% 5y
Population
1.4% 5y
0.9% 5y
Unemployment rate
17.5% 5y
0.0% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€54,998
€57,992
Population density
7,145 /km²
3,634 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€85,182M
€98,264M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€257M
€32M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€7,892M
€12,508M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€4,297M
€4,740M
GVA — construction (F)
€7,585M
€5,714M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€29,682M
€34,332M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€17,600
€15,300
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
90,900 PPS
81,400 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€54,800
€55,100
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€34,028M
€25,304M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,152M
€1,739M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€37,853M
€54,507M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€4,455M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€12,849M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€26,352M
€33,600M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€13,414M
€12,078M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€72,019M
€90,845M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€92,511
€89,869
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€34,927M
€23,442M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
1,131,170
1,482,700
Self-employed persons
32,700
266,700
Employment in manufacturing (C)
61,000
103,900
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
76.4%
83.0%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
15.7%
10.4%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
1.8%
2.1%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
851,100
1,046,500
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
171,204
270,470
Enterprise births
26,265
38,762
Enterprise deaths
13,465
30,524
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.3%
5.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.8%
2.8%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
9.4%
11.5%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.5%
3.6%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
40.7%
65.3%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
47.3%
69.6%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
20.5%
18.6%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
31.0%
45.5%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
13.0%
16.1%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.7%
97.9%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
4,147,853
8,021,740
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
671 /1k
685 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
11,912 kt
16,134 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,287
4,459
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
134
238
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
72 km/1000km²
—
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
7
9
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
1,115,857
1,228,932
Population aged 65+
335,013
371,451
Population aged under 15
258,321
274,904
Median age of population
42.8 yrs
41.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
30.0%
30.2%
Crude rate of total population change
-7.3 /1k
3.3 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-3.3 /1k
4.6 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.3 /1k
7.9 /1k
Crude death rate
12.3 /1k
9.2 /1k
Live births
14,154
14,859
Deaths
21,051
17,254
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
53.2%
52.6%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.23
0.98
Population density (persons per km²)
7,426 /km²
3,700 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
959,208
1,813,849
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
13.6%
7.1%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
77.8 yrs
79.9 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
2.7%
6.1%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
1,057 /100k
537 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,823 /100k
1,339 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
328 /100k
268 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.8 /100k
0.5 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
44.5 /100k
14.8 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
238 /100k
187 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
751 /100k
542 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
49 /M
27 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
84 m
86 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
38 days/yr
10 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
71 days/yr
82 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
2 days/yr