NUTS-3 PL623 · Poland
Population
254,0712025
GDP
€3,000M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3.3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
75.6%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
6,348.2 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL623 · RO226
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Vrancea (Opportunity 27). Runner-up: Ełcki (27). Contrarian pick: Ełcki — leads the set on Energy cost (EU pctl 79).
#1Vrancea
Strengths
Cost advantage (97) · Resilience (60)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
#2Ełcki
Strengths
Cost advantage (92) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Connectivity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Vrancea
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%); Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Demographic outlook (EU pctl 2) — Ełcki may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Vrancea leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
27.0
27.1
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
33.5
60.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
32.8
15.5
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
44.7
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
14.0
23.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
21.8
13.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
53.2
55.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.8% 5y
0.3% 5y
Population
1.9% 5y
0.8% 5y
Unemployment rate
0.0% 5y
8.8% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€11,806
€10,611
Population density
40 /km²
68 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€2,710M
€3,185M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€290M
€219M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€616M
€610M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€508M
€532M
GVA — construction (F)
€215M
€303M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€577M
€703M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€10,600
€7,700
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
17,000 PPS
17,600 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€11,500
€10,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€3,635M
€6,740M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€684M
€569M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€7,205M
€11,406M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€488M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€31M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€390M
€677M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€622M
€673M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€2,618M
€2,270M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€36,902
€36,233
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€689M
€811M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
99,800
107,980
Self-employed persons
20,900
28,190
Employment in manufacturing (C)
19,400
23,520
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
71.9%
63.8%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
17.5%
31.4%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.4%
11.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
118,900
133,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
13,323
12,186
Enterprise births
1,423
1,243
Enterprise deaths
1,961
812
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.5%
6.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.0%
0.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.0%
0.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.5%
0.1%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
31.4%
14.1%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
33.5%
16.4%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
5.8%
9.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
20.0%
13.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
6.9%
6.4%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
93.4%
93.4%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
962,816
100,695
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
597 /1k
415 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
9,206 kt
3,825 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
463
347
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
0 km/1000km²
5 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
182
105
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
147
81
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
164,238
209,843
Population aged 65+
52,886
69,651
Population aged under 15
36,947
51,742
Median age of population
43.9 yrs
44.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
32.2%
33.2%
Crude rate of total population change
-7.9 /1k
-3.2 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-3.0 /1k
2.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.4 /1k
7.6 /1k
Crude death rate
11.3 /1k
13.1 /1k
Live births
1,639
2,516
Deaths
2,887
4,345
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.7%
57.8%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.16
1.47
Population density (persons per km²)
44 /km²
69 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
180,417
201,958
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
19.6%
38.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
77.9 yrs
75.7 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
18.0%
25.1%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
584 /100k
638 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,595 /100k
1,908 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
255 /100k
233 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.4 /100k
0.3 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
14.8 /100k
9.0 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
160 /100k
116 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
162 /100k
143 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
63 /M
94 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.39
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.44
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.07
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.55
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.155/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.051/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
146 m
313 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
3 days/yr
11 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
96 days/yr
88 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
6 days/yr