NUTS-3 PL224 · Poland
Population
471,5932025
GDP
€8,423M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
2.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
77%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
3,042.3 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL224 · PT119
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Ave (Opportunity 48). Runner-up: Częstochowski (47). Contrarian pick: Częstochowski — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 82).
#1Ave
Strengths
Industrial base (93) · Energy cost (90)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Industrial base (83) · Cost advantage (82)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Ave
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%); Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Freight intensity (EU pctl 2) — Częstochowski may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Ave leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
47.2
47.5
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
25.0
49.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
37.5
37.8
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
15.7
7.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
40.3
31.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
56.5
63.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
61.2
67.2
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.3% 5y
2.8% 5y
Population
1.5% 5y
0.2% 5y
Unemployment rate
5.2% 5y
1.5% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€17,861
€22,105
Population density
155 /km²
292 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€7,611M
€8,136M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€185M
€81M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,275M
€3,080M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,077M
€2,742M
GVA — construction (F)
€602M
€449M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,093M
€1,354M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€12,700
€13,800
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
25,500 PPS
26,900 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€17,300
€22,100
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€14,344M
€16,004M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€4,197M
€3,831M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€36,613M
€39,066M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€632M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€80M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,151M
€1,363M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,305M
€1,247M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€7,076M
€7,953M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€46,944
€48,860
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,590M
€2,002M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
216,500
197,530
Self-employed persons
34,600
24,980
Employment in manufacturing (C)
51,800
74,560
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
73.1%
77.8%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
9.3%
18.4%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
2.6%
6.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
219,300
223,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
35,420
46,936
Enterprise births
3,545
6,250
Enterprise deaths
4,671
4,739
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.2%
5.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.0%
2.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
5.2%
4.4%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.8%
1.6%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
38.4%
29.8%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
43.1%
41.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
6.3%
15.7%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
28.5%
23.3%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
10.8%
10.5%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.1%
88.8%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
387,509
735,138
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
602 /1k
—
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
52
31
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
15,756 kt
2,215 kt
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
11
7
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
21 km/1000km²
—
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
38
53
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
297,566
274,798
Population aged 65+
113,143
97,767
Population aged under 15
60,884
50,690
Median age of population
46.5 yrs
47.6 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
38.0%
35.6%
Crude rate of total population change
-8.1 /1k
9.6 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-0.6 /1k
11.5 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.6 /1k
7.1 /1k
Crude death rate
13.1 /1k
9.1 /1k
Live births
2,632
3,110
Deaths
6,201
3,960
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
58.5%
54.0%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.06
1.30
Population density (persons per km²)
156 /km²
292 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
283,049
226,706
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
10.0%
18.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.0 yrs
83.1 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
7.8%
15.6%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
611 /100k
327 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,544 /100k
914 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
295 /100k
207 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.9 /100k
0.2 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
11.8 /100k
30.8 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
122 /100k
122 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
135 /100k
371 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
30 /M
50 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
1.02
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.81
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
1.13
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.79
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.89
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.107/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.045/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
283 m
615 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
8 days/yr
11 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
86 days/yr
22 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
33 days/yr