NUTS-3 PL21A · Poland
Population
512,7322025
GDP
€7,820M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
2.8%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
76.7%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
2,044 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL21A · PL824
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Oświęcimski (Opportunity 47). Runner-up: Tarnobrzeski (42). Contrarian pick: Tarnobrzeski — leads the set on Industrial base (EU pctl 96).
Strengths
Cost advantage (91) · Industrial base (88)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Industrial base (96) · Cost advantage (94)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Resilience (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Oświęcimski
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Economic base (EU pctl 13) — Tarnobrzeski may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Oświęcimski leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
47.3
41.6
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
16.5
9.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
44.3
35.7
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
—
25.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
49.3
37.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
74.3
41.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
52.8
58.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.7% 5y
4.0% 5y
Population
1.2% 5y
1.6% 5y
Unemployment rate
2.1% 5y
0.0% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€15,252
€15,603
Population density
251 /km²
123 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€7,066M
€7,759M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€78M
€103M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,755M
€3,339M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,112M
€2,969M
GVA — construction (F)
€511M
€490M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,538M
€1,710M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€10,900
€9,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
21,900 PPS
22,700 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€14,800
€15,300
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€10,024M
€5,847M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,652M
€1,209M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€26,117M
€11,647M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€979M
€888M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,206M
€1,229M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€6,721M
€7,517M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€48,460
€45,900
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,516M
€2,070M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
197,900
237,900
Self-employed persons
33,900
39,800
Employment in manufacturing (C)
54,300
70,700
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
73.1%
69.5%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
11.3%
21.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
2.7%
3.6%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
240,400
244,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
32,463
29,855
Enterprise births
3,286
3,134
Enterprise deaths
3,842
3,801
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.4%
5.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
2.7%
1.2%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
6.0%
2.3%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.7%
0.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
41.2%
34.2%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
48.1%
42.2%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
9.9%
5.8%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
31.4%
24.7%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
11.4%
8.1%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
97.0%
97.9%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
549,862
353,753
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
588 /1k
612 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
17,945 kt
16,050 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
562
222
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
10 km/1000km²
9 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
110
40
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
28
37
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
326,629
352,498
Population aged 65+
111,531
116,802
Population aged under 15
74,572
81,070
Median age of population
44.5 yrs
43.9 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.1%
33.1%
Crude rate of total population change
-5.6 /1k
-6.8 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-0.5 /1k
-2.8 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.5 /1k
6.6 /1k
Crude death rate
11.6 /1k
10.6 /1k
Live births
3,340
3,660
Deaths
5,977
5,850
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
57.0%
56.1%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.16
1.15
Population density (persons per km²)
258 /km²
125 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
359,967
403,377
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
14.9%
18.4%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
79.6 yrs
79.5 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
13.7%
16.5%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
617 /100k
691 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,376 /100k
1,450 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
278 /100k
217 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.4 /100k
0.9 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
12.8 /100k
8.5 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
113 /100k
65.3 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
118 /100k
110 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
35 /M
53 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
327 m
166 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
6 days/yr
9 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
89 days/yr
84 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
3 days/yr