NUTS-3 ITG2D · Italy
Population
471,9572025
GDP
€12,830M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
9.3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
62.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
7,716.5 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ITG2D · ITI17
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Pisa (Opportunity 55). Runner-up: Sassari (43). Contrarian pick: Sassari — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 67).
#1Pisa
Strengths
Economic base (72) · Digital readiness (72)
Red flags
Flood: 32% of population in the 100-year floodplain
Long-run slide: down 18 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute)
#2Sassari
Strengths
Cost advantage (67) · Growth momentum (53)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Pisa
Flood: 32% of population in the 100-year floodplain; Long-run slide: down 18 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute). Its weakest dimension is Freight intensity (EU pctl 18) — Sassari may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Pisa leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
- Flood defences, return-period design and insurance for flagged regions
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
43.0
55.4
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
31.3
51.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
41.5
52.9
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
42.3
64.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
19.5
23.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
53.4
50.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
4.4% 5y
2.8% 5y
Population
0.5% 5y
0.0% 5y
Unemployment rate
8.2% 5y
7.6% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€27,185
€38,050
Population density
61 /km²
171 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€11,526M
€14,303M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€400M
€188M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€755M
€3,284M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€474M
€2,788M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,011M
€867M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,952M
€3,113M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€18,900
€23,000
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
28,100 PPS
39,600 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€27,100
€38,100
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€10,118M
€29,682M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€512M
€5,009M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€16,391M
€51,756M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,664M
€1,743M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€134M
€439M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€3,215M
€4,058M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€3,191M
€2,794M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€12,009M
€14,542M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€67,610
€84,065
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€3,154M
€3,440M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
195,200
192,500
Self-employed persons
49,300
44,900
Employment in manufacturing (C)
10,500
32,400
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
64.4%
73.7%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
24.6%
15.1%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
9.3%
4.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
202,000
201,200
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
37,401
35,662
Enterprise births
3,056
2,576
Enterprise deaths
2,066
2,002
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.3%
3.9%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.8%
1.4%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
1.7%
3.7%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.6%
1.5%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
18.4%
23.8%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
23.8%
30.8%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
12.7%
11.7%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
16.3%
17.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
4.2%
4.9%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
94.3%
96.6%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
10,974,679
4,367,952
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
719 /1k
744 /1k
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,720
2,984
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
6,905 kt
6,425 kt
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
576
713
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
—
23 km/1000km²
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
52
33
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
301,107
262,670
Population aged 65+
123,090
107,086
Population aged under 15
47,760
48,683
Median age of population
50.9 yrs
49.6 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
40.9%
40.8%
Crude rate of total population change
-3.2 /1k
1.8 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.3 /1k
7.2 /1k
Crude birth rate
4.8 /1k
6.1 /1k
Crude death rate
11.4 /1k
11.4 /1k
Live births
2,255
2,533
Deaths
5,368
4,762
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.7%
59.3%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
0.94
1.16
Population density (persons per km²)
—
172 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
—
339,479
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
29.7%
18.1%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
83.2 yrs
84.2 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
26.1%
12.8%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
293 /100k
285 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
857 /100k
848 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
224 /100k
209 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
0.5 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
23.6 /100k
30.2 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
888 /100k
1,603 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
72 /M
51 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
419 m
161 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
48 days/yr
49 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
6 days/yr
12 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
10 days/yr