NUTS-3 ES411 · Spain
Population
160,7382025
GDP
€3,727M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
8.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
74.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
8,056.1 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ES411 · ITI42
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Rieti (Opportunity 43). Runner-up: Ávila (42). Contrarian pick: Ávila — leads the set on Energy cost (EU pctl 95).
#1Rieti
Strengths
Digital readiness (68) · Cost advantage (60)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Long-run slide: down 19 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute)
Why you might not pick Rieti
Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%); Industrial base (EU bottom 15%); Long-run slide: down 19 EU ranks in real GDP per head since 1995 (relative decline, not absolute). Its weakest dimension is Freight intensity (EU pctl 7) — Ávila may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Ávila · Manufacturing → Ávila · Office → Rieti · Residential → Rieti.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
41.8
43.1
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
46.0
46.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
54.6
53.7
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
68.5
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
24.7
57.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
60.3
40.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
50.4
48.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.3% 5y
2.2% 5y
Population
0.2% 5y
0.4% 5y
Unemployment rate
10.3% 5y
3.3% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€23,185
€25,464
Population density
20 /km²
54 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€3,401M
€3,426M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€132M
€164M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€371M
€354M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€296M
€274M
GVA — construction (F)
€256M
€294M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€773M
€662M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€18,500
€22,800
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
26,100 PPS
26,300 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€23,300
€25,400
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€13,527M
€50,148M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,707M
€4,606M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€32,274M
€95,178M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€558M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€42M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€779M
€934M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,090M
€1,017M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€3,421M
€3,466M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€65,934
€74,113
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€818M
€805M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
60,800
52,600
Self-employed persons
13,600
14,300
Employment in manufacturing (C)
4,300
3,800
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
75.7%
68.0%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
24.7%
21.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
8.5%
5.5%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
76,300
65,300
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
10,287
9,584
Enterprise births
729
778
Enterprise deaths
732
565
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.5%
4.7%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
1.8%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.3%
7.9%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.1%
1.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
42.1%
28.5%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
52.3%
37.4%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
15.3%
10.6%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
22.8%
23.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.3%
6.3%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
96.3%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,347,182
198,989
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
601 /1k
701 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
4,900 kt
1,426 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
32
1,731
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
26 km/1000km²
29 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
20
1,156
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
108
74
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
3
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
98,907
93,218
Population aged 65+
43,697
41,200
Population aged under 15
18,134
15,348
Median age of population
50.7 yrs
51.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
44.2%
44.2%
Crude rate of total population change
1.7 /1k
-1.5 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
9.1 /1k
6.2 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.3 /1k
5.5 /1k
Crude death rate
12.7 /1k
13.2 /1k
Live births
854
821
Deaths
2,046
1,974
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
62.5%
60.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.10
1.11
Population density (persons per km²)
20 /km²
55 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
83,835
95,221
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
24.1%
20.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.8 yrs
83.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
19.8%
17.9%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
343 /100k
350 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
749 /100k
907 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
212 /100k
226 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
0.7 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
29.3 /100k
8.6 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
343 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
143 /100k
578 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
68 /M
56 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.14
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.84
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.96
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.78
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.16
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.106/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
1,102 m
572 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
30 days/yr
25 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
53 days/yr
53 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
18 days/yr