Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€66,068M
€250,270M
€12,186M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€26M
€0M
€672M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€21,021M
€7,888M
€1,542M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€19,745M
€5,248M
€1,397M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,694M
€3,914M
€905M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€11,084M
€74,177M
€3,445M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€30,800
€29,600
€26,500
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
105,200 PPS
123,100 PPS
45,500 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€118,100
€133,700
€53,000
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€60,881M
€192,308M
€23,257M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€22,211M
€9,999M
€2,035M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€139,588M
€456,581M
€50,437M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€25,119M
€959M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€35,404M
€278M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€21,304M
€109,776M
€2,919M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€10,937M
€54,514M
€1,793M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€62,694M
€257,907M
€11,233M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€138,848
€126,771
€102,003
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€16,001M
€63,202M
€3,004M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
548,450
2,250,500
139,200
Self-employed persons
32,380
190,700
28,200
Employment in manufacturing (C)
77,320
46,800
12,500
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
82.6%
76.6%
86.2%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
6.9%
21.2%
7.6%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.6%
8.8%
3.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
370,800
1,097,400
146,800
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
38.0%
58.6%
44.1%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
43.1%
72.7%
53.8%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
9.0%
18.0%
25.7%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
26.4%
40.1%
30.0%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
11.3%
14.1%
12.8%
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
636 /1k
433 /1k
523 /1k
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1,775
4,154
692
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
10,918 kt
2,788 kt
15,978 kt
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
290
201
269
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
—
52 km/1000km²
81 km/1000km²
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
11
14
46
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
4
4
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
419,536
1,435,254
162,741
Population aged 65+
112,905
388,063
52,960
Population aged under 15
80,222
242,243
41,462
Median age of population
40.6 yrs
39.2 yrs
43.7 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
26.9%
27.0%
32.5%
Crude rate of total population change
-0.7 /1k
-9.3 /1k
5.9 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-0.6 /1k
-12.9 /1k
4.5 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.8 /1k
10.4 /1k
10.2 /1k
Crude death rate
8.9 /1k
6.8 /1k
8.9 /1k
Live births
5,381
21,484
2,623
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
46.0%
43.9%
58.0%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.12
1.27
1.78
Population density (persons per km²)
2,975 /km²
20,148 /km²
365 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
647,415
2,135,136
246,870
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
1.3 /100k
—
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
107 /100k
374 /100k
11.7 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
359 /100k
607 /100k
163 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,801 /100k
6,316 /100k
799 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
27 /M
21 /M
50 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
1.46
1.77
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
1.27
1.72
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
1.02
1.73
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
1.39
1.92
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
0.02
0.63